Symptoms Allergies can affect various organ systems: Skin: hives with wheals, itching, redness, swelling (edema), eczema. Nose: runny and stuffy nose, sneezing, itching. Airways: bronchoconstriction, shortness of breath, cough, asthma. Digestive tract: diarrhea, vomiting, indigestion. Eyes: Allergic conjunctivitis, redness, tearing. Cardiovascular: Drop in blood pressure, rapid heartbeat Mouth, mucous membrane: Burning, furry feeling, swelling. Throat: … Allergy
Symptoms Symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis include itching, red eyes, eye watering, a thin discharge, and sneezing. The conjunctiva may be swollen, making it appear glassy. The itching and red eyes are particularly characteristic of the disease. Causes The inflammation is often caused by a pollen allergy (hay fever). In this case, it is also called … Allergic Conjunctivitis
Products N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamic acid is commercially available in the form of eye drops (Naabak). It has been approved in many countries since 2006. Structure and properties N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamic acid (C11H16N2O8, Mr = 304.3 g/mol) is an amino acid derivative. Effects N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamic acid (ATC S01GX03) is antiallergic by inhibiting mast cell degranulation and inhibiting the release of mediators … N-Acetyl-Aspartyl-Glutamic Acid
Products Loratadine is commercially available in tablet form (Claritine, Claritine Pollen, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1991. The active metabolite desloratadine is also available (Aerius, generics). Structure and properties Loratadine (C22H23ClN2O2, Mr = 382.9 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. It is a prodrug … Loratadine
Symptoms Possible symptoms of hay fever include: Allergic rhinitis: itchy, runny or stuffy nose, sneezing. Allergic conjunctivitis: red, itchy, watery eyes. Cough, mucus formation Itching in the mouth Swollen, blue discolored skin under the eyes Fatigue Sleep disturbance due to the discomfort Hay fever is often accompanied by other inflammatory diseases of the mucous membranes. … Hay Fever Causes
Products Mizolastine was commercially available in tablet form (Mizollen, 10 mg) and approved in many countries since 1996. The tablets are no longer available today. For example, fexofenadine (Telfast) or another 2nd-generation antihistamine can be used as an alternative. Structure and properties Mizolastine (C24H25FN6O, Mr = 432.5 g/mol) a piperidine and benzimidazole derivative. It is … Mizolastine
Products Ebastine is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (e.g., Ebastel). The drug is not registered in many countries. Structure and properties Ebastine (C32H39NO2, Mr = 469.7 g/mol) Effects Ebastine (ATC R06AX22) has antiallergic properties. It is not anticholinergic and barely crosses the blood–brain barrier. Indications For symptomatic treatment of seasonal and perennial … Ebastine
Products Cetirizine is commercially available as film-coated tablets, lozenges, and drops (Zyrtec, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1989. Structure and properties Cetirizine (C21H25ClN2O3, Mr = 388.9 g/mol) is a racemate consisting of –levocetirizine and -dextrocetirizine. It is present in drugs as cetirizine dihydrochloride, a white powder that is readily soluble in … Cetirizine Effects and Side Effects
Symptoms Possible symptoms of viral conjunctivitis include unilateral or bilateral redness, itching, burning, eye tearing, a foreign body sensation, lymph node swelling, and bleeding. It is often accompanied by inflammation of the cornea (keratitis). Itching, watery eyes, bilateral findings and other allergic symptoms indicate allergic conjunctivitis. However, differentiation based on clinical signs is generally difficult … Viral Conjunctivitis
Products Solutions and sublingual tablets are available for sublingual immunotherapy in many countries (e.g., Oralair, Staloral, Grazax). Sublingual tablets, unlike some solutions, do not need to be stored in the refrigerator. Ingredients The medicines contain allergen extracts of common allergens, such as pollen from grasses, trees, and shrubs. Effects The allergen extracts (ATC V01AA) produce … Sublingual Immunotherapy
Products Terfenadine (Teldane tablets/suspension) is no longer on the market in many countries. Possible alternatives are the successor product fexofenadine (Telfast) or other 2nd generation antihistamines. Structure and properties Terfenadine (C32H41NO2, Mr = 471.7 g/mol) is a racemate. It exists as a white crystalline powder that is very sparingly soluble in water. Terfenadine is a … Terfenadine
Products Levocabastine is commercially available as eye drops and as a nasal spray (Livostin). It has been approved in many countries since 1992. See also under levocabastine eye drops. Structure and properties Levocabastine (C26H29FN2O2, Mr = 420.52 g/mol) is a substituted cyclohexylpiperidine derivative. In medicinal products, levocabastine hydrochloride, which is practically insoluble in water, is … Levocabastine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
