Products Anti-allergy medications are available in numerous dosage forms. These include tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions, nasal sprays, eye drops, inhalation preparations, and injectables. Structure and properties Antiallergic drugs do not have a uniform chemical structure. However, several groups within the class can be identified (see below). Effects Antiallergic drugs have antiallergic, antiinflammatory, immunosuppressive, antihistamine, and … Antiallergics
Products There are currently no drugs containing carbinoxamine on the market in many countries. The active ingredient was previously contained in Rhinotussal capsules and Rhinotussal juice, among other products. Structure and properties Carbinoxamine (C16H19ClN2O, Mr = 290.8 g/mol) is present in drugs as carbinoxamine maleate, a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. … Carbinoxamine
Symptoms Anaphylaxis is a serious, life-threatening, and generalized hypersensitivity reaction. It usually occurs suddenly and affects various organs. It manifests itself in the following symptoms, among others: Respiratory symptoms: difficult breathing, bronchospasm, breathing sounds, coughing, undersupply of oxygen. Cardiovascular complaints: Low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, chest pain, shock, collapse, unconsciousness. Skin and mucous membranes: Swelling, … Anaphylaxis
Products Antihistamines are often taken in the form of tablets. In addition, drops, solutions, lozenges, capsules, gels, creams, eye drops, nasal sprays, and injectable solutions are also available, among others. The first active ingredient from this group was phenbenzamine (Antergan), developed in France in the 1940s. It is no longer commercially available today. Structure and … Antihistamines for Allergies
Products Calcium is commercially available in numerous drug products as a monopreparation, a fixed combination with vitamin D (usually cholecalciferol), and other vitamins and minerals. The most commonly used dosage forms include chewable, lozenge, meltable and effervescent tablets. Film-coated tablets that can be swallowed whole have also been available for some time. Structure and properties … Calcium Health Effects
Products Turmeric is commercially available as a spice. Along with other parts of the plant, it is an important ingredient of curry powder. Products available in pharmacies and drugstores include turmeric powder, liquid preparations, capsules and tablets. The powder contains the active ingredient curcumin (see below). The orange-yellow dye is also used as an additive … Turmeric
Anatomical background Humans have 4 sinuses, the maxillary sinuses, the frontal sinuses, the ethmoid sinuses, and the sphenoid sinuses. They are connected to the nasal cavity by 1-3 mm narrow bony openings called ostia and are lined with a thin respiratory epithelium with goblet cells and seromucous glands. The ciliated hairs provide clearance of mucus … Acute Sinusitis
Symptoms Possible symptoms of hay fever include: Allergic rhinitis: itchy, runny or stuffy nose, sneezing. Allergic conjunctivitis: red, itchy, watery eyes. Cough, mucus formation Itching in the mouth Swollen, blue discolored skin under the eyes Fatigue Sleep disturbance due to the discomfort Hay fever is often accompanied by other inflammatory diseases of the mucous membranes. … Hay Fever Causes
Symptoms Possible symptoms of a cold include: Sore throat Sneezing, cold sniffles, runny nose, later nasal congestion. Feeling sick, fatigue Cough, Acute bronchitis Hoarseness Headache Fever is rare in adults, but is often observed in children Causes The common cold is caused in most cases by rhinoviruses, but numerous other viruses such as parainfluenza viruses, … Cold
Products Immunosuppressants are commercially available in numerous dosage forms, for example, as creams, ointments, tablets, capsules, solutions, eye drops, and injectables. Structure and properties Within immunosuppressants, several groups can be identified. These include steroids such as the glucocorticoids, substances of microbiological origin such as ciclosporin and mycophenolate mofetil, derivatives of nucleic acids and their components … Immunosuppressants
Structure and properties Histamine (C5H10N3, Mr = 111.15 g/mol) is a biogenic amine (decarboxylated histidine). It is formed by L-histidine decarboxylase and plays a central role as a mediator in allergic reactions and in the immune system. It is found in mast cells, basophils, platelets and some neurons, where it is stored in vesicles and … Histamine Neurotransmitter
Background The mucosa-lined Eustachian tube (eustachian tube, tuba auditiva) is the connection between the nasopharynx and the tympanic cavity of the middle ear. Its main function is to equalize pressure between the middle ear and the external ambient pressure. The tube is normally closed and opens when swallowing or yawning. Two other important functions are … Tubal Catarrh
