amides

Beta Lactam Antibiotics against Bacterial Infections

Effect Beta-lactam antibiotics have bacteriostatic to bactericidal properties. They inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). PBPs include transpeptidases, which are responsible for cross-linking peptidoglycan chains during cell wall synthesis. Some beta-lactams can be degraded and thus inactivated by the bacterial enzyme beta-lactamase Indications The spectrum of beta-lactam antibiotics ranges from … Beta Lactam Antibiotics against Bacterial Infections

Penicillins

Products Penicillins are commercially available today in the form of film-coated tablets, capsules, as solutions for injection and infusion, as powders for preparing an oral suspension, and as syrups, among others. Penicillin was discovered in September 1928 at St. Mary’s Hospital in London by Alexander Fleming. He was working with staphylococcal cultures in Petri dishes. … Penicillins

Amide

Definition Amides are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group (C=O) whose carbon atom is bonded to a nitrogen atom. They have the following general structure: R1, R2 and R3 can be aliphatic and aromatic radicals or hydrogen atoms. Amides can be synthesized with a carboxylic acid (or a carboxylic acid halide) and an amine using … Amide

Antiepileptic Drugs

Products Antiepileptic drugs are commercially available in the form of tablets, dispersible tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions, syrups, as nasal sprays, enemas, and as injectables, among others. Structure and properties The antiepileptic drugs are structurally heterogeneous agents. Within the class, several groups can be identified (see below). Effects The agents have antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant … Antiepileptic Drugs

Therapeutic Proteins

Products Therapeutic proteins are usually administered in the form of injection and infusion preparations and must be stored in a refrigerator. The first recombinant protein to be approved was human insulin in 1982. Some proteins, for example, are also available in tablet, capsule, and powder form and can be stored at room temperature, such as … Therapeutic Proteins

Amino Acids

Products Some preparations containing amino acids are approved as medicinal products. These include, for example, methionine tablets or infusion preparations for parenteral nutrition. Amino acids are also marketed as dietary supplements, such as lysine, arginine, glutamine, and cysteine tablets. Protein powders such as whey protein can also be counted as amino acid supplements. Amino acids … Amino Acids

Cephalosporins

Products Cephalosporins are commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets, oral suspensions, granules, and injection and infusion preparations, among others. The basis for the discovery of cephalosporins was the isolation of the mold by the physician Giuseppe Brotzu. He found the fungus in wastewater from Cagliari in Sardinia in 1945. At the University of … Cephalosporins