Sialendoscopy is an ENT medical diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for visualization and treatment of ductal systems of the large cephalic salivary gland. An indication for endoscopy arises primarily when salivary stones are suspected. The procedure is also popular for recurrent salivary gland swelling. What is sialendoscopy? Sialendoscopy is an ENT diagnostic and therapeutic procedure used … Sialendoscopy: Treatment, Effects & Risks
The threshold potential describes a specific charge difference at the membrane of excitable cells. When the membrane potential attenuates to a certain value in the course of depolarization, an action potential is induced via the opening of voltage-dependent ion channels. The value to be reached in each case, which is necessary for the generation of … Threshold Potential: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
During a muscle biopsy, physicians remove muscle tissue from skeletal muscles for the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases, for example, in the presence of myopathies. Another task of muscle biopsy is the examination of the preserved tissue material. Closely related specialties are neurology, neuropathology, and pathology. What is muscle biopsy? During a muscle biopsy, physicians remove … Muscle Biopsy: Treatment, Effects & Risks
Conduction anesthesia is a special anesthetic procedure. It is used to turn off specific nerves or nerve branches. What is conduction anesthesia? A conduction anesthesia is an anesthesia procedure in which the physician subjects specific nerves or nerve branches to anesthesia. A conduction anesthesia is an anesthetic procedure in which the physician subjects specific nerves … Conduction Anesthesia: Treatment, Effects & Risks
Symptoms Bite wounds manifest as painful mechanical damage to the skin and underlying tissues, for example, tendons, muscles, and nerves. They often occur on the arms and hands and can be potentially dangerous and fatal. A major concern with a bite wound is the transmission of infectious diseases. Pathogens involved include , , , , … Bite Wounds
Products Retigabine was approved in many countries as film-coated tablets since 2011 (Trobalt). In the United States, it is referred to as ezogabine. It was discontinued in 2017. Structure Retigabine (C16H18FN3O2, Mr = 303.3 g/mol) is a carbamate that was developed starting from the analgesic flupirtine. The free primary amino group is -glucuronidated (see below). … Retigabine (Ezogabine)
Lidocaine is a drug in the local anesthetic class that also acts as an antiarrhythmic agent. It belongs to the sodium channel blocker group. What is lidocaine? Lidocaine is a drug in the local anesthetic class that also acts as an antiarrhythmic agent. The drug lidocaine was the first amino-amide local anesthetic. It was synthesized … Lidocaine: Effects, Uses & Risks
The eyelid closure reflex is a so-called polysynaptic foreign reflex that serves to protect the eyes from foreign body exposure and dehydration. The reflex can be triggered by tactile, visual, or auditory stimuli; startle can also activate the reflex. It always affects both eyes, even in the case of tactile or optical stimuli that occur … Eyelid Closure Reflex: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Products Dexmedetomidine is commercially available as a concentrate for the preparation of an infusion solution (Dexdor). It was approved in many countries in 2012. Structure and properties Dexmedetomidine (C13H16N2, Mr = 200.3 g/mol) is an imidazole derivative and the -enantiomer of medetomidine. It is structurally closely related to detomidine and is present in drugs as … Dexmedetomidine
Products Thiopental is commercially available as an injectable (generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1947. Structure and properties Thiopental (C11H18N2O2S, Mr = 242.3 g/mol) is present in the drug as thiopental sodium, a yellowish white, hygroscopic powder that is readily soluble in water. It is a lipophilic thiobarbiturate identical to pentobarbital except … Thiopental
Products Propofol is commercially available as an emulsion for injection or infusion (Disoprivan, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1986. Structure and properties Propofol obtained by distillation (C12H18O, Mr = 178.3 g/mol, 2,6-diisopropylphenol) is a colorless to pale yellow, clear liquid that is sparingly soluble in water and miscible with hexane and … Propofol (Diprivan): Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
The drug prochlorperazine is used in human medicine primarily as a medication for nausea, vomiting, and migraine. Occasionally, the dopamine antagonist is also prescribed to treat psychiatric or mental illness. Accordingly, prochlorperazine is both an antiemetic and a neuroleptic. What is prochlorperazine? The active medical ingredient prochlorperazine belongs to the group of antiemetics. This term … Prochlorperazine: Effects, Uses & Risks
