anticoagulants

Antithrombotics

Effects Antithrombotic Anticoagulant Fibrinolytic Active ingredients Salicylates: Acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg (Aspirin Cardio). P2Y12 antagonists: Clopidogrel (Plavix, generics). Prasugrel (Efient) Ticagrelor (Brilique) GP IIb/IIIa antagonists: Abciximab (ReoPro) Eptifibatide (Integrilin) Tirofiban (Aggrastat) PAR-1 antagonists: Vorapaxar (Zontivity) Vitamin K antagonists (coumarins): Phenprocoumon (Marcoumar). Acenocoumarol (Sintrom) Not on sale in many countries: dicoumarol, warfarin. Heparins: Heparin sodium Heparin-Calcium … Antithrombotics

Bleeding in the Eye

Symptoms Bleeding in the eye manifests as bright red and painless spots between the conjunctiva and sclera of the eyeball. They usually occur unilaterally and are not accompanied by visual disturbances or inflammation. Mild irritation may occur. The entire conjunctiva may also be hypophagic (hyposphagma). Causes Hemorrhage occurs as a result of damage to blood … Bleeding in the Eye

Metamizole: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses

Products Metamizole is commercially available as drops, tablets, suppositories, and injectables (Minalgin, Novalgin, Novaminsulfon Sintetica, generics). It has been used medicinally since the 1920s. Structure and properties Metamizole (C13H17N3O4S, Mr = 311.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as metamizole sodium. This is the sodium salt and monohydrate of the active ingredient. Metamizole sodium is a … Metamizole: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses

Capecitabine

Products Capecitabine is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Xeloda, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1998. Structure and properties Capecitabine (C15H22FN3O6, Mr = 359.4 g/mol) is a prodrug and is converted to the cell-toxic 5-fluorouracil, the active drug, in a three-step process. Capecitabine exists as a white crystalline powder … Capecitabine

Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Products Low-molecular-weight heparins are commercially available as injectable solutions, in the form of prefilled syringes, ampoules, and lancing ampoules. The active ingredients now commonly used in many countries were first approved in the late 1980s. Biosimilars are available in some countries. The active ingredients are abbreviated in English with the acronym LMWH (low molecular weight … Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Androgens: Steroid Hormones

Products Androgens are commercially available as oral tablets and capsules, transdermal gels and transdermal patches, and injectables, among others. Testosterone was first isolated in the 1930s. Structure and properties Androgens generally have a steroidal structure and are related to testosterone. They are steroid hormones that are often present as esters in drugs. Effects Androgens (ATC … Androgens: Steroid Hormones

Bromelain Effects and Side Effects

Products Bromelain was commercially available in many countries in the form of dragées (Traumanase), and dietary supplements containing pineapple powder are available. Other drugs are approved abroad, for example, Wobenzym and Phlogenzym. Wobenzym is registered in many countries only in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. Structure and properties Bromelain is the name given to a … Bromelain Effects and Side Effects

Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole

Products Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are commercially available in tablet and syrup form (Bactrim, generics). The drug has been approved in many countries since 1969. The Bactrim syrup is no longer available, but a generic is available (Nopil syrup). The fixed combination of the two active ingredients is also called cotrimoxazole. Structure and properties Trimethoprim (C14H18N4O3, … Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole

Sildenafil

Products Sildenafil is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets and as a solution for injection (Viagra, Revatio, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1998. Generics went on sale July 22, 2013, and the patent expired June 21. Pfizer launched auto-generic sildenafil Pfizer, identical to the original, back in May. In … Sildenafil

Interactions

Definition When two or more drugs are combined, they may affect each other. This is especially true with regard to their pharmacokinetics (ADME) and effects and adverse effects (pharmacodynamics). This phenomenon is called interaction and drug-drug interaction. Interactions are usually undesirable because they can lead to, for example, loss of efficacy, side effects, poisoning, hospitalization, … Interactions

Dietary Supplements

Products Dietary supplements are commercially available in dosed form, for example, as tablets, capsules, liquids and as powders, and are labeled accordingly on the packaging. They are sold not only in pharmacies and drugstores, but also without advice in supermarkets or online stores. Definition Dietary supplements are regulated by law in many countries by the … Dietary Supplements