Products Sedatives are commercially available in the form of tablets, melting tablets, drops, as injectables and tinctures, among others. Structure and properties Sedatives do not have a uniform chemical structure. Effects The active ingredients have sedative properties. Some are additionally antianxiety, sleep-inducing, antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant. The effects are due to promotion of inhibitory mechanisms … Sedative
Products Lithium is commercially available in the form of tablets and sustained-release tablets (e.g., Quilonorm, Priadel, Lithiofor). Structure and properties The lithium ion (Li+) is a monovalent cation found in pharmaceuticals in the form of various salts. These include lithium citrate, lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, and lithium acetate. For example, lithium carbonate (Li2CO3, Mr = … Lithium: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Bupropion is commercially available in the form of sustained-release tablets (Wellbutrin XR, Zyban). The two drugs are used for different indications (see below). The active ingredient has been approved in many countries since 1999. Structure and properties Bupropion (C13H18ClNO, Mr = 239.7 g/mol) is present as a racemate and as bupropion hydrochloride, a white … Bupropion
Products Ketamine is commercially available as a solution for injection (Ketalar, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1969. Esketamine nasal spray was approved in 2019 (Switzerland: 2020) for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (see there). Structure and properties Ketamine (C13H16ClNO, Mr = 237.7 g/mol) is a cyclohexanone derivative derived from phencyclidine (“angel … Ketamine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is not licensed in many countries. It is one of the prohibited narcotics (d) and is therefore not commercially available. MDPV was developed as a designer drug and was therefore initially available legally in many countries. It was marketed as “bath salts” to give it a legal appearance. Structure and properties MDPV … MDPV
Products Fluvoxamine is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Floxyfral). It has been approved in many countries since 1983. Structure and properties Fluvoxamine (C15H21F3N2O2, Mr = 318.33 g/mol) is present in drugs as fluvoxamine maleate, a white, odorless, crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. Effects Fluvoxamine (ATC N06AB08) has antidepressant properties. … Fluvoxamine
Products Nortriptyline was commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (nortrilen). It was approved in many countries in 1964. It was discontinued from distribution in 2016. Structure and properties Nortriptyline (C19H21N, Mr = 263.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as nortriptyline hydrochloride, a white powder that is sparingly soluble in water. It is an … Nortriptyline
Products Noscapine is commercially available in the form of lozenges, capsules, drops, as a syrup, and as suppositories. Except for Tussanil N, the drugs are combination products. Structure and properties The phthalideisoquinoline noscapine (C22H23NO7, Mr = 413.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as a free base or as noscapine hydrochloride monohydrate. Noscapine is a white … Noscapine
Products In many countries, there are no finished medicines containing amineptine on the market. Amineptin is one of the narcotics and requires an aggravated prescription. It was withdrawn from the market in France and other European countries in 1999 (Survector, Servier). Structure and properties Amineptine (C22H27NO2, Mr = 337.5 g/mol) belongs to the tricyclic antidepressants. … Amineptin
Products Trimipramine is commercially available in tablet and drop form (Surmontil, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1962. Structure and properties Trimipramine (C20H26N2, Mr= 294.5 g/mol) is present in drugs as trimipramine mesilate or trimipramine maleate, a racemate and white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. It is structurally closely … Trimipramine
Products Tricyclic antidepressants are commercially available in many countries in the form of dragées, tablets, capsules, and drops. The first representative, imipramine, was developed at Geigy in Basel. Its antidepressant properties were discovered in the 1950s by Roland Kuhn at the psychiatric clinic in Münsterlingen (Thurgau). Imipramine was approved in many countries in 1958. Structure … Tricyclic Antidepressants
Products Clomipramine is commercially available as sustained-release tablets and coated tablets (Anafranil). It has been approved in many countries since 1966 (originally Geigy, later Novartis). The injection and infusion preparations are no longer marketed. Structure and properties Clomipramine (C19H23ClN2, Mr = 314.9 g/mol) is present in drugs as clomipramine hydrochloride, a white to pale yellow … Clomipramine
