bronchodilators

Cystic Fibrosis: Causes and Treatment

Symptoms In cystic fibrosis (CF, cystic fibrosis), different organ systems are affected, resulting in a heterogeneous clinical picture with symptoms of varying severity: Lower respiratory tract: Chronic cough with viscous mucus formation, obstruction, recurrent infectious diseases, e.g., with , inflammation, remodeling of the lungs (fibrosis), pneumothorax, respiratory insufficiency, shortness of breath, wheezing, oxygen deficiency. Upper … Cystic Fibrosis: Causes and Treatment

Ketotifen

Products Ketotifen is commercially available in tablet form and as eye drops (Zaditen, Zabak). It has been approved in many countries since 1977. See also under ketotifen eye drops. Structure and properties Ketotifen (C19H19NOS, Mr = 309.43 g/mol) is a tricyclic benzocycloheptathiophene derivative structurally related to pizotifen (Mosegor, out of commerce). It is present in … Ketotifen

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Symptoms Possible symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include a chronic cough, mucus production, sputum, shortness of breath, chest tightness, breath sounds, lack of energy, and sleep disturbances. The symptoms often worsen with physical exertion. An acute worsening of chronic symptoms is referred to as an exacerbation. In addition, numerous systemic and extrapulmonary concomitant … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Formoterol

Products Formoterol is commercially available in the form of capsules for inhalation (Foradil) and as a powder inhaler (Oxis). Furthermore, combination products with budesonide (Symbicort Turbuhaler, Vannair Dosieraerosol) and fluticasone propionate are available (Formoterol Dosieraerosol). Formoterol is also combined with beclometasone fixed, see under beclometasone and formoterol (Foster). Furthermore, in 2020, a fixed combination with … Formoterol

Fenoterol

Products Fenoterol is commercially available in combination with ipratropium bromide as a metered-dose inhaler (Berodual N). Berotec N is no longer on the market. Fenoterol has been approved in many countries since 2000. Structure and properties Fenoterol is present in drugs as fenoterol hydrobromide (C17H22BrNO4, Mr = 384.3 g/mol) is present, a white crystalline powder … Fenoterol

Ipratropium Bromide

Products Ipratropium bromide is commercially available as an inhalation solution, metered-dose inhaler, and nasal spray (Atrovent, Rhinovent, generics). Combination preparations with beta2-sympathomimetics are also commercially available (Dospir, Berodual N, generics). Pharmacies also produce inhalation solutions with ipratropium bromide as extemporaneous preparations. The active ingredient has been approved in many countries since 1978. Structure and properties … Ipratropium Bromide

Salmeterol

Products Salmeterol is commercially available as metered-dose inhalers and discs (Serevent, Seretide + fluticasone). It has been approved in many countries since 1995. Structure and properties Salmeterol (C25H37NO4, Mr = 415.6) is present in the drugs as a racemate and as salmeterol xinafoate, a white powder that is sparingly soluble in water. It is structurally … Salmeterol

Drugs for COPD

Introduction Since COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is an inflammatory degenerative disease in which, among other things, certain parts of the airways, the bronchi, swell up, two types of medication are used to treat it. On the one hand, so-called bronchodilators are used. This is a group of drugs that use the body’s own signaling … Drugs for COPD