Products Suspensions are commercially available as cosmetics, medical devices, and drugs. Typical examples of medicines are eye drop suspensions, antibiotic suspensions, nasal sprays with glucocorticoids and other drugs for ingestion, antacids, the activated charcoal suspension, injection suspensions and shaking mixtures. Structure and properties Suspensions are liquid preparations for internal or external use. They are heterogeneous … Suspensions
Products Foams are commercially available as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics (personal care products), medical devices, and foods. Some examples are listed below: Rectal foam containing budesonide or mesalazine for inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis of the rectum). Glucocorticoids and calcipotriol in psoriasis of the skin or scalp. Minoxidil for the treatment of androgenetic hair loss. No drugs: … Foams
Products Shampoos are marketed as drugs, personal care products, and medical devices. Examples of active ingredients in medicines are listed below: Glucocorticoids Selenium disulfide, sulfur Antifungals: Ketoconazole, ciclopirox Zinc pyrithione Salicylic acid Structure and properties Shampoos are liquid to viscous preparations for application to the skin and scalp, which are washed out with water after … Shampoos
Products Carrageenan is used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals as well as in food and personal care products. Structure and properties Carrageenans are composed of polysaccharides from various red algae species (e.g. , Irish moss) and are obtained by extraction, separation and purification. The main constituents are potassium, sodium, calcium or magnesium salts of the … Carrageenan
Products Creams (High German: Cremes) are commercially available as medicinal products, cosmetics and medical devices. Creams are available in numerous variations, for example as hand creams, day and night creams, sun creams and fat creams. Structure and properties Creams are semi-solid preparations usually intended for application to the skin or mucous membrane. They are multiphase … Creams
Products In many countries, only a few ear drops are currently on the market. They are also produced in pharmacies themselves. Structure and properties Ear drops are solutions, emulsions, or suspensions containing one or more active ingredients in liquids suitable for use in the ear canal. These include, for example, water, glycols, glycerol, propylene glycol, … Ear Drops
Products Injection preparations are approved as medicinal products. Structure and properties Injection preparations are sterile solutions, emulsions, or suspensions prepared by dissolving, emulsifying, or suspending the active ingredient and excipients in water or a suitable nonaqueous liquid (e.g., fatty oils). Compared with infusions, these are usually small volumes in the range of less than a … Injections
Products Polysorbate 60 is used as an excipient in solid, liquid and semi-solid medicines. It is also used in personal care products. Structure and properties Polysorbate 60 is a mixture of partial esters of fatty acids, mainly stearic acid, with sorbitol and its anhydrides ethoxylated with about 20 moles of ethylene oxide for each mole … Polysorbate 60
Products Polysorbate 80 is present in many drugs as an excipient. These include tablets, injectables (e.g., amiodarone), biologics (therapeutic proteins, vaccines), and solutions. It is also used in personal care products and in foods. Structure and properties Polysorbate 80 is a mixture of partial esters of fatty acids, mainly oleic acid, with sorbitol and its … Polysorbate 80
Products Many pharmaceuticals, cosmetics (personal care products), medical devices, and foods (e.g., milk, mayonnaise) are emulsions. Structure and properties Emulsions are liquid or semi-solid preparations for external or internal use. They are dispersed systems (dispersions) in which two or more liquid or semisolid phases are combined by emulsifiers, resulting in a mixture that is heterogeneous … Emulsions
Products Cetyl alcohol is available as a pure substance in pharmacies and drugstores. It is found in numerous pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Structure and properties Cetyl alcohol is a mixture of solid alcohols consisting mainly of the linear C16 alcohol 1-hexadecanol (C16C34O, Mr = 242.4 g/mol). It exists as a white and fatty powder, as a … Cetyl Alcohol
Products Emulsifiers are available as pure substances, for example, in pharmacies and drugstores. They are found in numerous pharmaceuticals, cosmetics (personal care products), medical devices and foods. Structure and properties Emulsifiers are amphiphilic, meaning they have both a hydrophilic and lipophilic structural character. This allows them to mediate between the water and fat phases. Emulsifiers … Emulsifiers
