Definition The abbreviation COPD stands for “chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. Chronic means that the disease lasts for a long time. Obstructive means that COPD is accompanied by a narrowing of the bronchial tubes, which causes a large proportion of the symptoms, e.g. shortness of breath. COPD cannot be treated in its cause, but only symptomatically. … Life expectancy with COPD
What factors have a negative impact on life expectancy in COPD? Smoking is a common cause of COPD. If the patient does not give up cigarettes after the diagnosis is made, the progression of the disease is accelerated. Life expectancy is negatively affected by this, and studies have shown a shortening of life compared to … What factors have a negative impact on life expectancy in COPD? | Life expectancy with COPD
What is the life expectancy at stage 1? In stage 1, patients are only marginally affected by COPD. Chronic symptoms may be absent, but coughing, sputum and shortness of breath during heavy physical exertion are typical. The lung function test is inconspicuous, many patients do not yet know anything about their lung disease. On average, … What is the life expectancy at stage 1? | Life expectancy with COPD
What is the life expectancy in stage 4 In stage 4, the final stage, patients are very severely restricted by COPD, the body is always poorly supplied with oxygen due to the symptoms of the disease. Lung function is very significantly restricted and is below 30 percent of normal. In this late stage, the permanent … What is the life expectancy in stage 4 | Life expectancy with COPD
Synonyms in a broader sense English: breast cancer Breast carcinoma Mamma-Ca Invasive ductal mamma-ca Invasive lobular breast cancer Inflammatory breast cancer Definition Breast Cancer Breast cancer (breast carcinoma) is a malignant tumour of the female or male breast. The cancer can originate either from the ducts of the glands (milk ducts = ductal carcinoma) or … Breast Cancer
What types of breast cancer are there? There are a number of classifications that structure the different types of breast cancer. For example, one can look at the histology, i.e. the tissue composition, of the cancer. Here one distinguishes in-situ carcinoma from invasive carcinomas. The in situ carcinoma is a non-invasive growing tumour, which has … What types of breast cancer are there? | Breast Cancer
Where is breast cancer located? Breast cancer is most commonly located in the upper, outer quadrant and can extend to the lymphatic drainage channels in the armpit. The reason for this is that this is where the largest volume of glands is found. Theoretically, however, breast cancer can also be located at any other point … Where is breast cancer located? | Breast Cancer
Metastases In advanced stages of breast cancer disease, tumor metastases can spread to other organs, for example to the bones. Individual breast cancer cells migrate via the blood or lymph stream to other tissues or organs. So far, it has not been useful to search for these individual cells using sophisticated methods, as many of … Metastases | Breast Cancer
Diagnosis of breast cancer Most women (approx. 75% of all women with breast cancer) notice a lump in the breast themselves as the first sign of breast cancer and then visit (consult) their gynaecologist. In other patients, breast cancer is discovered, for example, during a preventive examination. The doctor treating the patient must first find … Diagnosis of breast cancer | Breast Cancer
Breast cancer in men Breast cancer in men is far less common than in women. In Germany, 1.5 out of 100,000 men are diagnosed with breast cancer every year. This means that every 800th man in Germany will develop breast cancer during his lifetime. In 25% of cases, breast cancer in men is genetically predisposed, … Breast cancer in men | Breast Cancer
Tumour marker In breast cancer, two receptors of the tumor play a major role. The determination of these receptors, or markers, is of great importance for the therapy and also for the prognosis. Firstly, the HER2 receptor is determined. A positive receptor status is initially associated with a poorer prognosis, since tumours are usually more … Tumour marker | Breast Cancer
Prognosis and chances of cure of breast cancer A number of factors determine the course and prognosis of breast cancer. Knowledge of these prognosis factors makes it possible to estimate the risk of tumour metastasis and relapse after treatment. Age and menopausal status (before or after menopause), the tumour stage, the degree of cell degeneration … Prognosis and chances of cure of breast cancer | Breast Cancer
