The portal vein transports oxygen-depleted but nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver, where potential toxins are metabolized. Diseases of the portal vein can severely impair the liver‘s detoxification abilities. What is the portal vein? In general, portal veins are veins that carry venous blood from one capillary system to another capillary system. … Portal Vein: Structure, Function & Diseases
Definition Pharmaceutical agents are excreted primarily in the urine and, via the liver, in the bile in the stool. When excreted via the bile, they re-enter the small intestine, where they may be reabsorbed. They are transported back to the liver via the portal vein. This repetitive process is called the enterohepatic circulation. It prolongs … Enterohepatic Circulation
Products Medicines containing colchicine are no longer on the market in many countries. Drugs are available abroad that can be imported. It may also be possible to prepare an extemporaneous formulation in a pharmacy (difficulties: toxicity, substance). Stem plant Colchicine is the main alkaloid of the autumn crocus (Colchicaceae), which contains it particularly abundantly in … Colchicine
Introduction Elimination is a pharmacokinetic process that describes the irreversible removal of active pharmaceutical ingredients from the body. It is composed of biotransformation (metabolism) and excretion (elimination). The most important organs for excretion are the kidney and the liver. However, drugs can also be excreted through the respiratory tract, hair, saliva, milk, tears, and sweat. … Elimination
Products Activated carbon is commercially available in the form of tablets, capsules, as a suspension, and pure powder, among others (e.g., Carbolevure, Norit, Carbovit, Hänseler Carbo activatus). Structure and properties Medicinal charcoal is composed of carbon and exists as a light, odorless, tasteless, jet-black powder that is free of granular particles. It is insoluble in … Activated Carbon
Introduction Bile (or bile fluid) is a fluid produced by the liver cells and is important for the digestion and excretion of waste products. Contrary to the widespread misconception that bile is produced in the gallbladder, this fluid is produced in the liver. Here, there are special cells, the so-called hepatocytes, which are responsible for … Bile
Chenodesoxycholic acid is one of the so-called primary bile acids, end products of the human cholesterol balance. The acid is formed in the liver from cholesterol and functions as an emulsifier that makes fats accessible to lipases. It can be used in medicines to regulate cholesterol balance as well as to break down cholesterol gallstones. … Chenodesoxycholic Acid: Effects, Uses & Risks
The enterohepatic circulation describes the transport pathway of some substances, such as those of nutrients, drugs, or even toxins in the body. These substances circulate from the liver through the gallbladder to the intestine and back to the liver. Some substances may pass through this circuit multiple times. What is the enterohepatic circulation? The enterohepatic … Enterohepatic Circulation: Function, Purpose & Diseases
Products Mycophenolate mofetil is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets, capsules, as an injectable, and as a suspension (CellCept, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1995. Structure and properties Mycophenolate mofetil (C23H31NO7, Mr = 433.5 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder and is practically insoluble in water. It is … Mycophenolate Mofetil
