Products Zoledronic acid is commercially available as an infusion preparation (Zometa, Aclasta, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 2000. Structure and properties Zoledronic acid (C5H10N2O7P2, Mr = 272.1 g/mol) is present in drugs as zoledronic acid monohydrate, a white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. It is an imidazole derivative … Zoledronic Acid
Products Bisphosphonates are commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets and as injection and infusion preparations. They are also combined fixed with vitamin D3. Their effects on bone were described in the 1960s. Etidronate was the first active ingredient to be approved (out of trade). Structure and properties Bisphosphonates contain a central carbon atom … Bisphosphonates Effects and Side Effects
Products AZD1222 has been in the registration phase in the EU and many countries since the beginning of October 2020 as part of a rolling review and is not yet commercially available. The vaccine was developed at Oxford University’s Jenner Institute, spin-off Vaccitech and AstraZeneca. Efficacy and safety are being evaluated in studies involving up … AZD1222
Symptoms Possible symptoms of caffeine withdrawal in dependent individuals include: Headache Fatigue, drowsiness, weakness, low energy. Attention and concentration disorders, drowsiness. Dissatisfaction, disgruntlement Irritability Flu-like symptoms, muscle pain Changes in blood pressure, rapid heartbeat Nausea, vomiting, constipation. The discomfort may occur a few hours after caffeine abstinence and last a few to several days. Causes … Caffeine Withdrawal
Symptoms Possible symptoms include flu-like symptoms such as fever, muscle and joint pain, cramps, and nausea and diarrhea. In high-risk groups, a severe course such as with meningitis, encephalitis, blood poisoning and pneumonia is possible. The elderly, immunocompromised, pregnant women and newborns are particularly at risk. During pregnancy, the infection should be avoided if possible, … Listeria
Symptoms The majority of patients (approximately 80%) are asymptomatic or develop only mild symptoms. Approximately 20% experience flu-like symptoms (West Nile fever) such as fever, headache, feeling sick, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, and skin rashes. Other symptoms such as conjunctivitis, hepatitis, movement disorders or confusion are possible. Less than 1% develop neuroinvasive disease with meningitis, … West Nile Virus
Symptoms Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) manifests as a respiratory illness with flu-like symptoms such as: Fever, chills Cough, sore throat Muscle and joint pain Shortness of breath Digestive problems such as nausea and diarrhea The disease can lead to severe pneumonia, ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome), septic shock, renal failure and multi-organ failure. It … MERS
Products The MMR vaccine is commercially available as an injectable. Vaccination has been recommended in many countries since the 1980s. Some preparations also contain the chickenpox vaccine (= MMRV vaccine). Effects MMR (ATC J07BD52) is a live vaccine consisting of attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella viruses. These childhood diseases can cause significant complications and numerous … MMR Vaccination
Symptoms Possible symptoms include: Flu-like symptoms: Fever, headache, weakness, feeling sick. Itching and a tingling sensation at the bite wound. Increased salivation Central nervous disturbances such as hallucinations, anxiety, agitation, confusion, sleep disturbances, hydrophobia (fear of water), delirium Paralysis Rabies is a dangerous disease that is virtually always fatal after the onset of symptoms, if … Rabies Causes and Treatment
Products Rabies vaccine is commercially available as a solution for injection (Rabipur, Rabies Vaccine Mérieux). This article refers to active immunization. Structure and properties The vaccine contains inactivated rabies virus of the Flury LEP or WISTAR PM/WI 38-1503-3M strain. Effects Rabies vaccine (ATC J07BG01) results in the formation of neutralizing antibodies and thus immunity to … Rabies Vaccination (Active Immunization)
Products Covid-19 vaccines are in the development and approval phase and are already available in some countries. In many countries, BNT162b2 was the first agent approved on December 19, 2020. mRNA-1273 was approved in the EU on January 6, 2021, and in many countries on January 12, 2021. The first approval will be in Russia … COVID-19 Vaccines
Symptoms Toxoplasmosis is usually asymptomatic and unnoticed if the immune status is normal. It may manifest as flu-like symptoms such as muscle and joint pain, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever, and fatigue. The infection leads to immunity. If the immune system is weakened, such as observed in HIV infection and when taking immunosuppressants … Toxoplasmosis Causes and Treatment
