Products Carrageenan is used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals as well as in food and personal care products. Structure and properties Carrageenans are composed of polysaccharides from various red algae species (e.g. , Irish moss) and are obtained by extraction, separation and purification. The main constituents are potassium, sodium, calcium or magnesium salts of the … Carrageenan
Definition On the one hand, drugs contain the active ingredients that mediate the pharmacological effects. On the other hand, they consist of excipients, which are used for the production or to support and regulate the drug effect. Placebos, which consist only of excipients and contain no active ingredients, are an exception. Excipients can be of … Auxiliary Materials
Products Carbohydrates (“sugars”) are found in many natural and processed foods, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and dietary supplements. For example, foods containing carbohydrates include pasta, cereals, flour, dough, bread, legumes, potatoes, corn, honey, sweets, fruits, sweet beverages, and dairy products. Structure Carbohydrates are natural products and biomolecules that are usually composed of only carbon (C), hydrogen … Carbohydrates: Role in Diet
Products Arabic gum (gum arabic) is available in pharmacies and drugstores as an open product. It is also found in foods, medicines and in cosmetics. Gum arabic was used by the ancient Egyptians over 4000 years ago. Structure and properties Arabic gum is an air-hardened, gummy exudate that comes out naturally or after cutting the … Arabic Gum
Symptoms Possible symptoms of fructose malabsorption include: Abdominal pain, abdominal cramps Flatulence, bloating Diarrhea Constipation Gastroesophageal reflux (acid regurgitation), stomach burning. Nausea Causes The cause of discomfort is insufficient absorption of fructose (fruit sugar) from inside the intestine into the bloodstream. It enters the large intestine, where it is fermented by the bacteria of the … Fructose Malabsorption
Products Glucose is found in numerous medicines, medical devices, in dietary supplements, and in countless natural and processed foods (e.g., bread, pasta, candy, potatoes, rice, fruits). As a pure substance, it is available as a pharmacopoeia-grade powder in pharmacies and drugstores. Structure and properties D-glucose (C6H12O6, Mr = 180.16 g/mol) is a carbohydrate belonging to … Glucose
Products Migalastat is commercially available in capsule form (Galafold, Amicus Therapeutics). It was approved in the EU and many countries in 2016. The drug has orphan drug status in some countries. Structure and properties Migalastat (C6H13NO4, Mr = 163.2 g/mol) or 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin is an iminosugar and an analog of the terminal galactose of globotriaosylceramide. Effects … Migalastat
Products Disaccharides are found in many foods and in pharmaceuticals. Pure disaccharides are available in pharmacies, for example. Structure and properties Disaccharides are carbohydrates consisting of two monosaccharides that are glycosidically linked. They are formed from two monosaccharides in a condensation reaction that releases water. Disaccharides occur as natural substances in plants, animals and fungi, … Disaccharides
Products Lactase is commercially available in many countries as both a drug (Lacdigest) and a dietary supplement. Available dosage forms include chewable tablets and capsules. The “strength” or enzyme activity is indicated by the FCC (Food Chemical Codex) unit. Structure and properties The enzymes contained in the preparations are beta-galactosidases, usually obtained from molds (, … Lactase
Products Lacitol is commercially available as a powder in sachets and as a syrup (Importal). It has been approved in many countries since 1985. Structure and properties Lactitol is present in drugs as lactitol monohydrate (C12H24O11 – H2O, Mr = 362.3 g/mol). Lactitol monohydrate is a white crystalline powder that is very soluble in water. … Lactitol
Products Lactose is available as a pure substance in pharmacies and drugstores. It is a natural component of the milk (lac) of mammals and is found in many foods. Lactose is extracted from whey. Structure and properties Lactose (C12H22O11, Mr = 342.3 g/mol) is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose and belongs to the … Lactose: Role in Diet
Symptoms Approximately 30 minutes to 2 hours after ingestion of foods containing lactose, the following digestive symptoms occur. The symptoms occur only after a certain amount is ingested (e.g., 12-18 g of lactose), are dose-dependent, and vary greatly among individuals: Lower abdominal pain and cramps. Bloated abdomen, flatulence, discharge of gases. Diarrhea, especially with high … Lactose Intolerance Causes
