Products Bisacodyl is commercially available in the form of enteric-coated tablets (dragées) and suppositories (Dulcolax, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1957. Structure and properties Bisacodyl (C22H19NO4, Mr = 361.39 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. It is a diphenylmethane and triarylmethane derivative. Bisacodyl is … Bisacodyl
Products Distribution of the drug Emodella liquid (Gaba International AG, Therwil) was discontinued in many countries in the late 1990s. This was because of the high dose of the dry extract of sloth bark. As an alternative, Elixir frangulae compositum Streuli is available, which contains the same active extract. However, the dose is about 5 … Emodella
Products Sorbitol is found alone or in combination with other active ingredients in various laxatives (e.g., Pursana). It is also marketed as an open product and as a solution. Structure and properties Sorbitol (C6H14O6, Mr = 182.2 g/mol) exists as D-sorbitol, a white crystalline powder with a sweet taste that is very soluble in water. … Sorbitol
Products Sodium picosulfate is commercially available in the form of tablets, soft capsules (pearls), and drops (e.g., Laxoberon, Dulcolax Picosulfate). It has been approved in many countries since 1973. Structure and properties Sodium picosulfate (C18H13NNa2O8S2, Mr= 481.41 g/mol) is structurally closely related to bisacodyl. The difference is that it is esterified with sulfuric acid instead … Sodium Picosulfate
Products Glycerol (synonym: glycerol) is contained in numerous drugs as a pharmaceutical excipient. As an active ingredient, it is mainly used as a laxative in the form of suppositories or as an enema (e.g., Bulboid). Structure and properties Glycerol or propane-1,2,3-triol (C3H8O3, Mr = 92.1 g/mol) is a colorless, clear, fatty-feeling, syrupy, very hygroscopic liquid … Glycerol
Products Docusate sodium is commercially available in many countries in the form of soft capsules and as ear drops, among other products. It is not registered as a laxative in many countries. Structure and properties Docusate sodium (C20H37NaO7S, Mr = 444.6 g/mol) exists as white, hygroscopic, and waxy flakes or masses and is sparingly soluble … Docusate Sodium
Products Macrogol 3350 is commercially available as a powder for making an oral solution (e.g., Transipeg, Movicol, generics). It is included in drugs in combination with salts (potassium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen sulfate) but can also be administered without them (e.g., Chung et al., 2009). Macrogol 4000 is also commercially available without salts. In … Macrogol 3350
Products Macrogol 4000 has been approved in many countries since 1987 as granules in combination with salts for bowel emptying and treatment of constipation (e.g., Isocolan). In 2013, a monopreparation that does not contain electrolytes was approved in many countries for the first time (Laxipeg). It is also available without flavoring (pure macrogol). The pure … Macrogol 4000
Products Macrogols are commercially available in many countries as powders, granules, and as drinking solutions. The agents are available with or without salts (electrolytes). They have been approved since the 1980s. This article refers to pharmaceuticals. Macrogols such as macrogol 400 are also used as pharmaceutical excipients. Structure and properties Macrogols are mixtures of linear … Macrogole
Products Lubiprostone is commercially available in the form of soft capsules (Amitiza). It has been approved in many countries since 2009. Structure and properties Lubiprostone (C20H32F2O5, Mr = 390.46) is a white, odorless powder that is insoluble in water and soluble in ethanol and ether. It is a derivative of a metabolite of prostaglandin E1. … Lubiproston
Production PED: Paraffinum liquidum 1/3 Emodella substitute 1/3 Duphalac or Rudolac 1/3 Since Emodella is out of trade, a substitute solution is made with a rotten tree bark extract: Emodella substitute: Frangulae extractum liquidum (Hanseler). 64.8 Glycerol 85 % PhEur 90.0 Ethanolum 96 % non potabile PhEur 83.4 Natrii benzoas pulvis 0.9 Aqua purificata PhEur … PED (Paraffin-Emodela Duphalac)
Products Phenolphthalein has been included in many laxatives in the past, for example in Reguletts tablets (100 mg) in many countries. Sales of the last drug containing phenolphthalein (Paragar Emulsion) will be discontinued in many countries in 2018. Structure and properties Phenolphthalein (C20H14O4, Mr = 318.3 g/mol) exists as a white powder that is practically … Phenolphthalein
