Patent protection for pharmaceuticals Newly developed drugs are protected by patents for twenty years. Within this period, the pharmaceutical company may exclusively sell its original preparation and determine its price. Patent protection can only be extended through certain procedures, such as conducting pediatric studies or applying for a special protection certificate. After patent protection expires, … Medications: What are Generics?
Products Zoledronic acid is commercially available as an infusion preparation (Zometa, Aclasta, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 2000. Structure and properties Zoledronic acid (C5H10N2O7P2, Mr = 272.1 g/mol) is present in drugs as zoledronic acid monohydrate, a white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. It is an imidazole derivative … Zoledronic Acid
Products Zolpidem is commercially available as film-coated tablets, sustained-release tablets, and effervescent tablets (Stilnox, Stilnox CR, generics, USA: Ambien). It has been approved in many countries since 1990. Structure and properties Zolpidem (C19H21N3O, Mr = 307.39 g/mol) is an imidazopyridine that is structurally distinct from the benzodiazepines. It is present in drugs as zolpidem tartrate, … Zolpidem
Definition The dispensing of licensed medicines is strictly regulated by law in many countries. Drugs may be available by prescription (prescription-only), nonprescription, and over-the-counter. Typical dispensing points are pharmacies, drugstores and doctors’ offices, provided that self-dispensing is permitted by the canton. Category E drugs may also be sold in the retail trade, for example in … Dispensing Categories of Medicinal Products
Products Fusidic acid is commercially available as film-coated tablets, cream, ointment, gauze, and ophthalmic drip gel (including Fucidin, Fucithalmic, and generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1968. See also under fusidic acid eye gel. Structure and properties Fusidic acid (C31H48O6, Mr = 516.7 g/mol) belongs to the steroid antibiotics. It is obtained … Fusidic Acid
Symptoms Symptoms of Covid-19 include (selection): Fever Cough (irritating cough or with sputum) Respiratory disorders, shortness of breath, shortness of breath. Feeling sick, fatigue Cold symptoms: runny nose, stuffy nose, sore throat. Pain in the limbs, muscle and joint pain. Gastrointestinal complaints: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain. Nervous system: impairment of the sense of smell … COVID-19
Products Abacavir is commercially available as film-coated tablets and as an oral solution (Ziagen, combination products). It has been approved in many countries since 1999. Generic versions are approved. Structure and properties Abacavir (C14H18N6O, Mr = 286.3 g/mol) is present in drugs, among other forms, as abacavir sulfate, a white crystalline powder that is soluble … Abacavir
Products Ezetimibe is commercially available in tablet form, as a monopreparation (Ezetrol, generic), and as a fixed combination with simvastatin (Inegy, generic) and with atorvastatin (Atozet). Also released is a combination with rosuvastatin. Ezetimibe was approved in many countries and in the United States in 2002. Generic and auto-generics entered the market in November 2017. … Ezetimibe
Symptoms The possible symptoms of shigellosis include: Watery or bloody, mucopurulent diarrhea. Inflammatory colitis (colitis). Dehydration Fever Abdominal pain, cramps Painful urge to defecate Nausea, vomiting The disease often occurs in children and usually lasts about a week. The severity varies and depends on the pathogen. Rarely, severe complications such as colonic perforation and hemolytic … Shigellosis
Definition In drug therapy, “off-label use” refers to deviations from the officially approved specifications in the drug information leaflet of approved drugs that are ready for use. Frequently, this concerns the areas of application (indications). However, other changes also fall under the definition, for example with regard to the dose, duration of therapy, patient groups, … Off-Label Use
Symptoms Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that is initially asymptomatic. Patients have no symptoms until the optic nerve becomes increasingly damaged, which can lead to irreversible visual impairment with visual field loss and blindness. Glaucoma represents the most common cause of blindness. Causes The cause of the disease is usually an increase in intraocular … Glaucoma: Causes and Treatment
Products Carbocisteine is commercially available as a syrup (e.g., rhinathiol, co-marketing drugs, generics). In combination with xylometazoline, it is also found in decongestants and nasal drops (Triofan). Structure and properties Carbocisteine or -carboxymethylcysteine (C5H9NO4S, Mr = 179.2 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. It is a carboxymethyl derivative … Carbocistein
