Products Stavudine is commercially available in capsule form (Zerit). It has been approved in many countries since 1996. Structure and properties Stavudine (C10H12N2O4, Mr = 224.2 g/mol) is a thymidine analog with a missing 3′-hydroxy group. It is a prodrug that is biotransformed intracellularly to the active metabolite stavudine triphosphate. Stavudine exists as a white … Stavudine
Didanosine is a drug used in the treatment against infection with the HIV virus. The active ingredient belongs to the virus-inhibiting agents and thereby serves to strengthen the immune system of HIV patients. What is didanosine? Didanosine is a drug that is used in the treatment against infection with the HIV virus. Didanosine generally strengthens … Didanosine: Effects, Uses & Risks
Candida dubliniensis is a yeast fungus and is often found in the oral cavity of HIV or AIDS patients. In addition, it often co-occurs with Candida albicans in candidiasis. The similarity between Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans makes correct identification of the microorganism difficult. What is Candida dubliniensis? In 1995, scientists distinguished Candida dubliniensis from … Candida Dubliniensis: Infection, Transmission & Diseases
Effects Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (ATC J05AF) have antiviral properties against HIV. The effects are due to inhibition of the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA and is important for viral replication. Structure and properties Within the drug group, two distinct classes are distinguished. The so-called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, abbreviated NRTIs, … Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (HIV)
Not only are babies conceived through sexual intercourse, pleasure is experienced and a bond with the partner is established. Most people experience lovemaking and especially orgasm as an overwhelming feeling. What is sexual intercourse? The term sexual intercourse describes the union of two people. In the process, the man penetrates the woman’s vagina with his … Sexual Intercourse: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Symptoms Fatigue is a physiological and subjective response of the organism to mental and physical exertion. It is undesirable when it occurs rapidly, frequently, and excessively. Fatigue manifests itself, among other things, in a lack of energy, exhaustion, weakness, listlessness, and reduced performance and motivation. It can also be accompanied by irritability. Fatigue occurs acutely … Fatigue
Definition and mechanisms A pharmacokinetic booster is an agent that improves the pharmacokinetic properties of another agent. It is a desirable drug interaction It can exert its effects at different levels (ADME): Absorption (uptake into the body). Distribution (distribution) Metabolism and first-pass metabolism (metabolization). Elimination (excretion) Pharmacokinetic enhancers can increase absorption, increase distribution to an … Pharmacokinetic Booster
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is characterized by partial scarring of individual renal corpuscles. It is a group of different diseases that can lead to nephrotic syndrome in the majority of cases. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. What is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis? Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis represents a collective term for several different diseases that lead … Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Symptoms In the first stage, a painless ulcer forms at the site of entry of the bacterium (“hard chancre”) weeks to months after infection. The lesion often occurs in the genital area and oral cavity, is accompanied by lymph node swelling, and usually disappears on its own within a few weeks. If left untreated, the … Syphilis Causes and Treatment
Products Injection preparations are approved as medicinal products. Structure and properties Injection preparations are sterile solutions, emulsions, or suspensions prepared by dissolving, emulsifying, or suspending the active ingredient and excipients in water or a suitable nonaqueous liquid (e.g., fatty oils). Compared with infusions, these are usually small volumes in the range of less than a … Injections
The term malignant lymphoma refers to a malignant swelling of the lymphoid organs or lymph nodes. Predominantly, it is the so-called non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The cause of the development of such malignant lymphoma is unknown; the prognosis depends on the stage of the disease, the age and the health status of the patient. What is malignant … Malignant Lymphoma: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Products Efavirenz is commercially available as film-coated tablets and as an oral solution (Stocrin, combination products, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 2001. Structure and properties Efavirenz (C14H9ClF3NO2, Mr = 315.7 g/mol) exists as a white to light pink crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. It has a non-nucleoside structure … Efavirenz
