Products Acarbose is commercially available in tablet form (Glucobay). It is usually combined with other agents such as metformin, insulin, or sulfonylureas to enhance the antidiabetic effect. Acarbose has been approved in many countries since 1986. Structure and properties Acarbose (C25H43NO18, Mr = 645.60 g/mol) is a pseudotetrasaccharide obtained from the bacterium by fermentation. It … Acarbose Effects and Side Effects
Products The first agent in the GLP-1 receptor agonist group to be approved was exenatide (Byetta) in the United States in 2005 and in many countries and the EU in 2006. In the meantime, several other drugs have been registered (see below). These drugs are also known as incretin mimetics. They are commercially available as … GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Products Exenatide is commercially available as an injectable (Byetta, Bydureon). It was approved in the United States in 2005 as the first agent in the GLP-1 receptor agonist group (Byetta). In many countries, the drug was registered a year later. The long-acting Bydureon Pen was approved in many countries in 2012, with additional approval as … Exenatide
Products Beta-blockers are available in many countries in the form of tablets, film-coated tablets, sustained-release tablets, as capsules, solution, eye drops, and as injection and infusion solutions. Propranolol (Inderal) was the first representative of this group to appear on the market in the mid-1960s. Today, the most important active ingredients include atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol and … Beta Blocker Effects and Side Effects
Products Lixisenatide was approved as a subcutaneous solution for injection in the EU in 2012, in the United States in 2016, and in many countries in 2017 (Lyxumia). Lixisenatide is also combined with insulin glargine; see iGlarLixi (Suliqua). Structure and properties Lixisenatide is a peptide and GLP1 analog of 44 amino acids that, like exenatide, … Lixisenatide
Products Repaglinide is commercially available in tablet form (NovoNorm, generic). It was approved in many countries in 1999. Structure and properties Repaglinide (C27H36N2O4, Mr = 452.6 g/mol) is a meglitinide and carbamoylmethylbenzoic acid derivative without sulfonylurea structure. It is a white, odorless powder that is practically insoluble in water due to its lipophilicity. In drugs, … Repaglinide
Products Insulin degludec is commercially available as a solution for injection (Tresiba). It is also combined fixed with insulin aspart (Ryzodeg, see under IDegAsp). It was newly approved in many countries in March 2013. In 2014, a fixed combination with liraglutide was registered (Xultophy); see under IDegLira. Structure and properties Insulin degludec has essentially the … Insulin Degludec
Effects Antihypoglycemic: effective against hypoglycemia. Indications Hypoglycemia Agents Glucose (various), carbohydrates. Glucagon injection (GlucaGen) Glucagon nasal spray (Baqsimi) Diazoxide (Proglicem)
Products Dulaglutide was approved as a solution for injection in many countries in 2015 (Trulicity). Structure and properties Dulaglutide (ATC A10BJ05) is a fusion protein consisting of two identical chains linked by disulfide bridges. The chains contain: The GLP-1 analog (sequence segment 7-37), which is 90% the same as the natural GLP-1 segment. It has … Dulaglutide
Products Nutritional supplements are commercially available in Germany (e.g., Sanakine). Stem plant Bitter melon from the cucurbit family is a perennial climbing plant native to the tropics. It is found in Asia, Africa and South America, for example. Its fruits resemble cucumbers and pumpkins. Ingredients Ingredients include water, lipids, proteins, fatty oil, vitamins, minerals, alkaloids … Bitter Melon
Products In 2010, WS 1375 ethanolic dry extract of rose root in the form of film-coated tablets was approved in many countries. The drug is available in pharmacies and drugstores without a doctor’s prescription (Vitango, Schwabe Pharma AG, http://www.vitango.ch). Rose root is a popular adaptogen in Russian medicine, and in Sweden the extract SHR-5 has … Rose Root
Products Ertugliflozin was approved in the United States in 2017 and in the EU and many countries in 2018 in film-coated tablet form (Steglatro). The agent is also combined fixed with sitagliptin (Steglujan) and with metformin (Segluromet). Structure and properties Ertugliflozin (C22H25ClO7, Mr = 436.9 g/mol) is present in the drug as ertugliflozin-L-pyroglutamic acid, a … Ertugliflozin