Shigellosis

Symptoms The possible symptoms of shigellosis include: Watery or bloody, mucopurulent diarrhea. Inflammatory colitis (colitis). Dehydration Fever Abdominal pain, cramps Painful urge to defecate Nausea, vomiting The disease often occurs in children and usually lasts about a week. The severity varies and depends on the pathogen. Rarely, severe complications such as colonic perforation and hemolytic … Shigellosis

Shisha

Shisha smoking Shisha smoking involves heating tobacco with charcoal. It is referred to as smoldering. The smoke is passed through water and travels through a hose to the mouthpiece, which is used to inhale it. It is mostly smoked in shisha bars or cafes in a social setting. Many varieties exist and electric hookahs are … Shisha

Cycloserine

Products No finished drug products containing cycloserine are commercially available in many countries. Structure and properties Cycloserine (C3H6N2O2, Mr = 102.1 g/mol) is a natural substance formed by and is also produced synthetically. It exists as a white powder that is soluble in water. Effects Cycloserine (ATC J04AB01) has antibacterial properties against . The effects … Cycloserine

Why Vaccination is Important

Infectious diseases represented the most common cause of death in the past. As late as 1900, 65,000 children died each year from whooping cough, diphtheria and scarlet fever alone. Today, such deaths are thankfully the great exception. In addition to the improvement of socioeconomic conditions and the increasing availability of antibiotics, vaccinations have contributed to … Why Vaccination is Important

Myelolipoma: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Myelolipomas are benign tumors or tumor-like lesions that occur very rarely. Myelolipomas consist of mature adipose tissue as well as variable amounts of hematopoietic tissue. In most cases, they occur in the area of the adrenal gland. The name of the disease was coined by the French pathologist Charles Oberling. What is a myelolipoma? Myelolipomas … Myelolipoma: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Ofatumumab

Products Ofatumumab was approved in 2009 as a concentrate for the preparation of an infusion solution for leukemia treatment (Arzerra). In 2020, a solution for injection was approved in the United States for MS treatment (Kesimpta). Structure and properties Ofatumumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody produced by biotechnological methods. It has a molecular mass … Ofatumumab

Earache Causes and Treatment

Symptoms Pain in the ear (technical term: otalgia) can be unilateral or bilateral and persistent or intermittent. They vary in intensity and nature, can be extremely uncomfortable, and sometimes go away on their own. Ear pain is often accompanied by other symptoms, such as a discharge from the ear canal, difficulty hearing, a feeling of … Earache Causes and Treatment

Golimumab

Products Golimumab is commercially available as a solution for injection (Simponi). It was approved in many countries in 2010. Structure and properties Golimumab (Mr = 150 kDa) is a human IgG1κ-monoclonal antibody. Effects Golimumab (ATC L04AB06) has selective immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. The effects are based on binding to the soluble and membrane-bound proinflammatory cytokine … Golimumab

Gonorrhea Infection

Symptoms In men, gonorrhea manifests mainly as inflammation of the urethra (urethritis) with pain, discomfort during urination, and purulent discharge. Rarely, the epididymis may also be involved, resulting in testicular pain and swelling. The infection may be complicated by involvement of other urogenital structures. In women, the pathogen usually triggers inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis) … Gonorrhea Infection

Carboplatin

Products Carboplatin is commercially available as an infusion solution (paraplatin, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1986. Structure and properties Carboplatin (C6H12N2O4Pt, Mr = 371.3 g/mol) is a platinum compound. It exists as a colorless crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. Carboplatin is structurally related to cisplatin, the first platinum … Carboplatin

Moxifloxacin

Products Moxifloxacin is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets, as an infusion solution, and eye drops (Avalox, Vigamox eye drops). It has been approved in many countries since 1999. Generic versions of the tablets went on sale in 2014. This article refers to oral administration; see also moxifloxacin eye drops. Structure and properties … Moxifloxacin