Products Macrogol 3350 is commercially available as a powder for making an oral solution (e.g., Transipeg, Movicol, generics). It is included in drugs in combination with salts (potassium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen sulfate) but can also be administered without them (e.g., Chung et al., 2009). Macrogol 4000 is also commercially available without salts. In … Macrogol 3350
Products Macrogol 400 is available in pharmacies and drugstores. It should not be confused with macrogol 4000, which is also used as a stool-regulating laxative, among other products. Structure and properties Macrogols are mixtures of linear polymers with the general formula H-(OCH2-CH2)n-OH, indicating the average number of oxyethylene groups. The macrogol type is defined by … Macrogol 400
Products Macrogol 4000 has been approved in many countries since 1987 as granules in combination with salts for bowel emptying and treatment of constipation (e.g., Isocolan). In 2013, a monopreparation that does not contain electrolytes was approved in many countries for the first time (Laxipeg). It is also available without flavoring (pure macrogol). The pure … Macrogol 4000
Products Macrogol 6000 is used as an excipient in many drugs, especially in tablets. Structure and properties Macrogols are mixtures of linear polymers with the general formula H-(OCH2-CH2)n-OH, indicating the average number of oxyethylene groups. The macrogol type is defined by a number indicating the average molecular mass (6000). The substances are very soluble in … Macrogol 6000
Products Macrogols are commercially available in many countries as powders, granules, and as drinking solutions. The agents are available with or without salts (electrolytes). They have been approved since the 1980s. This article refers to pharmaceuticals. Macrogols such as macrogol 400 are also used as pharmaceutical excipients. Structure and properties Macrogols are mixtures of linear … Macrogole
Products Pharmacopeia-grade sodium chloride is available in pharmacies and drugstores. Available medications include, for example, nasal sprays, irrigation solutions, injection, infusion, and inhalation solutions. Structure and properties The officinal sodium chloride (NaCl, Mr = 58.44 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder, colorless crystals, or white beads. It is slightly soluble in water, practically insoluble … Sodium Chloride
Definition Ethers are organic molecules with the general structure R1-O-R2, where R1 and R2 are identical for symmetrical ethers. The radicals can be aliphatic or aromatic. Cyclic ethers exist, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF). Ethers can be prepared using, for example, Williamson’s synthesis: R1-X + R2-O–Na+ R1-O-R2 + NaX X stands for halogens Nomenclature Trivial names … Ether
Background The tear film is the outermost connection between the surface of the eye and the environment and is involved in the visual process. It moisturizes, protects and nourishes the eye. It is an aqueous gel containing water, mucins, salts, antibacterial proteins and antibodies, vitamin A, and lipids, among other substances, and is distributed over … Dry Eyes: Causes and Remedies
Products Polidocanol is commercially available in a variety of topical medications, including skin care products, creams, lotions, gels, and sprays. Parenterally, it is also used for local sclerotherapy of veins; see Polidocanol for Vein Sclerotherapy. Structure and properties The European Pharmacopoeia defines polidocanol as a mixture of ethers of various macrogols with fatty alcohols, mainly … Polidocanol
Products Nonoxinol 9 is found in or on topical chemical contraceptives such as condoms, diaphragms, suppositories, foams, and creams. Structure and properties Nonoxinol 9 (C33H60O10, Mr = 616.8 g/mol) is a mixture consisting mainly of monononylphenyl ethers of macrogols and having the formula C9H19C6H4-(OCH2-CH2)n-OH, where the average value is for about 9. Nonoxinol 9 may … Nonoxinol 9
Products Hand creams are available in numerous varieties. As a rule, they are cosmetics and not drugs or medical devices. Hand creams are also often made by the customer. Popular ingredients include waxes such as wool wax (lanolin), fatty oils, shea butter and essential oils. See also under DIY medicines. Structure and properties Hand creams … Hand Creams
Products Ointments are commercially available as medicinal products, medical devices and cosmetics. In colloquial language, ointments refer to various semi-solid preparations. In pharmacy, however, ointments are distinguished from creams, pastes and gels. Structure and properties Ointments are semi-solid preparations for external use. They consist of a single-phase base in which solid or liquid substances may … Ointments
