Products Laxatives are available in numerous dosage forms. These include, for example, tablets, drops, suppositories, powders, granules, solutions, syrups and enemas. Structure and properties Laxatives do not have a uniform chemical structure. However, groups can be identified (see below). Effects Laxatives have laxative properties. They stimulate bowel emptying by different mechanisms depending on the active … Laxative
Products Many drugs are available in the form of suppositories. The most commonly administered in the office are acetaminophen suppositories for the treatment of fever and pain in infants and children (photo, click to enlarge). Definition Suppositories are single-dose medicinal preparations with a solid consistency. They usually have an elongated, torpedo-like shape and a smooth … Suppositories (Suppositories)
Products Fusscremen are available, for example, in pharmacies and drugstores. As a rule, they are cosmetics and only rarely approved drugs. Structure and properties A foot cream is a preparation for external use, intended for application to the feet. Typical ingredients are (selection): Ointment base, e.g. with lanolin, fats, fatty oils, petrolatum, macrogols. Water, glycerin, … Fusscremen
Products Creams (High German: Cremes) are commercially available as medicinal products, cosmetics and medical devices. Creams are available in numerous variations, for example as hand creams, day and night creams, sun creams and fat creams. Structure and properties Creams are semi-solid preparations usually intended for application to the skin or mucous membrane. They are multiphase … Creams
Products Numerous medicines are commercially available as film-coated tablets. Today, they are produced much more frequently than the classic coated tablets, which are characterized by a thicker layer with sugar. If tablets are newly registered, they are usually film-coated tablets. Structure and properties Film-coated tablets are tablets that are coated with a thin layer of … Film Tablets
Products Polidocanol is commercially available as a solution for injection (Sclerovein, Aethoxysclerol). It has been approved in many countries since 1967. Synonyms for the active ingredient include polidocanol 600 and lauromacrogol 400. Structure and properties Polidocanol is a mixture of ethers of various macrogols with fatty alcohols, mainly lauryl alcohol (C12H26O). It exists as a … Polidocanol (Vein Sclerotherapy)
Products Vaginal suppositories are commercially available as drugs and medical devices. Listed below are some active ingredients which are administered vaginally: Estrogens: estriol Progestins: progesterone Antifungals: Econazole, ciclopirox Antiparasitics: Metronidazole, Clindamycin Antiseptics: Povidone–iodine, formerly boric acid. Probiotics: Lactobacilli The egg-shaped vaginal suppositories are also called ovules (singular ovulum). Structure and properties Vaginal suppositories are dosage … Vaginal Suppositories
Products Nasal ointments are on sale in many countries from various suppliers. Structure and properties Nasal ointments are semisolid preparations intended for application to the nasal mucosa. They consist of an ointment base such as wool grease, petrolatum, and macrogols. They may contain active pharmaceutical ingredients such as dexpanthenol, antibiotics (mupirocin), sea salt, Emser salt, … Nasal Ointments
Definition On the one hand, drugs contain the active ingredients that mediate the pharmacological effects. On the other hand, they consist of excipients, which are used for the production or to support and regulate the drug effect. Placebos, which consist only of excipients and contain no active ingredients, are an exception. Excipients can be of … Auxiliary Materials
Symptoms Anal fissure is a tear or cut in the skin of the anal canal. This results in severe pain that occurs during and up to several hours after defecation. It may radiate locally and be accompanied by an uncomfortable itching sensation. Fresh blood can often be seen on toilet paper or stool. Causes Possible … Anal Fissure: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Causes and Treatment
Products Various drugs and dietary supplements are commercially available in the form of soft capsules. Active ingredients administered with this dosage form include, for example, pain relievers (e.g., diclofenac, ibuprofen, acetaminophen), retinoids such as isotretinoin, thyroid hormones, cytostatics, ginseng, vitamins, and fatty oils such as fish oil, krill oil, linseed oil, and wheat germ oil. … Soft Capsules
Structure and properties Solutions are liquid preparations for oral use in which one or more active ingredients together with the excipients are dissolved in water or another suitable liquid (e.g., fatty oils, triglycerides). Oral solutions can also be freshly prepared from a powder or granules by adding the solvent (example: macrogols). Excipients include solubilizers (e.g., … Solutions
