Symptoms Bad breath manifests itself in foul-smelling breath. The bad odor is also a psychosocial problem and can lower self-esteem, lead to feelings of shame, and make it difficult to communicate with others. Causes True, chronic bad breath originates from the oral cavity and mainly from the coating on the tongue in over 80 to … Bad Breath
Products Some drugs are commercially available as mouthwashes. A selection of the active ingredients they contain is listed below: Local anesthetics: Lidocaine Disinfectant: chlorhexidine Herbal extracts: chamomile, sage, echinacea, mallow. Anti-inflammatory: benzydamine Antibiotics: Tyrothricin Structure and properties Mouthwashes are liquid dosage forms for the administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients into the mouth and throat. They … Mouthwashes
Products Mouth sprays are commercially available as drugs, medical devices, and dietary supplements. Listed below are some active ingredients that are administered with an oral spray: Local anesthetics: Lidocaine Disinfectant: chlorhexidine Herbal extracts: chamomile, sage, echinacea. Gel former: celluloses Anti-inflammatory: benzydamine Antibiotics: Tyrothricin Nitrates: isosorbide dinitrate Weaning agents: nicotine Cannabinoids: cannabidiol (CBD), cannabis extract. Mouth … Mouth Sprays
Symptoms Nummular eczema (from Latin , coin) is an inflammatory skin disease that manifests itself in sharply defined, coin-shaped rashes that primarily affect the extensor sides of the legs, arms, and trunk. The areas are weeping, inflamed (reddened), and may become dry, crusted, and itchy. Unlike cutaneous fungus, the lesions are filled in and do … Nummular Eczema
Products Nasal sprays are very widely used and there are many different products on the market, which are approved drugs or medical devices (see below). Nasal sprays are also manufactured in pharmacies. Structure and properties Nasal sprays are solutions, emulsions, or suspensions intended for spraying into the nasal cavities. They may contain one or more … Nasal Sprays
Definition On the one hand, drugs contain the active ingredients that mediate the pharmacological effects. On the other hand, they consist of excipients, which are used for the production or to support and regulate the drug effect. Placebos, which consist only of excipients and contain no active ingredients, are an exception. Excipients can be of … Auxiliary Materials
Products Cough syrups are commercially available from numerous suppliers. Typical categories include herbal, “chemical” (containing synthetic active ingredients), cough-irritant, and expectorant. They are sold in pharmacies and drugstores, among other places. Cough syrup can also be prepared by the patient. For example, vegetable extracts (see below), honey, sugar and drinking water can be used. Homemade … Cough Syrups
Symptoms Fire ant stings manifest as pain, spreading redness, itching, and a burning sensation at the sting sites. A wheal develops, and within 24-48 hours a characteristic and pathognomonic pustule develops, which dries up after 2-3 weeks and can be superinfected. As with other insect bites, a large local reaction with swelling, itching, and redness … Fire Ants
Symptoms Sore throat manifests as an inflamed and irritated throat lining and pain when swallowing or at rest. The palatine tonsils may also be inflamed, swollen, and coated. Possible accompanying symptoms include mucus production, cough, hoarseness, fever, headache, runny nose, eye irritation, feeling sick, and fatigue. Causes The most common cause of sore throat is … Sore Throat
Products Sore throat tablets are commercially available from numerous suppliers. For example, well-known products in many countries include Neo-Angin, Mebucaine, Lysopain, Lidazone, Sangerol, and Strepsils. Ingredients The classic sore throat tablets with “chemical” ingredients usually contain one or more of the following substances: Local anesthetics such as lidocaine, oxybuprocaine, and ambroxol. Disinfectants such as cetylpyridinium … Sore Throat Lozenges
Anatomical background Humans have 4 sinuses, the maxillary sinuses, the frontal sinuses, the ethmoid sinuses, and the sphenoid sinuses. They are connected to the nasal cavity by 1-3 mm narrow bony openings called ostia and are lined with a thin respiratory epithelium with goblet cells and seromucous glands. The ciliated hairs provide clearance of mucus … Acute Sinusitis
Effects Bronchial pastilles have anti-irritant, anti-inflammatory, cough-irritant, and/or expectorant effects, among others, depending on the product. Indications Used for symptomatic treatment of irritable cough, cough with mucus production (catarrh), and for sore throat and hoarseness. Abuse Bronchial pastilles containing codeine can be abused as an intoxicant in overdose. Active ingredients Bronchial pastilles usually contain herbal … Bronchial Pastilles
