Sinus node defect If the sinus node fails as the primary pacemaker and stimulation center of the heart, a secondary pacemaker must step in for it (sick sinus syndrome). This is called the atrioventricular node (AV node) and can take over the function of the sinus node to a certain extent. It generates a rhythm … Sinus node defect | Sinus node
Synonyms Cardia, pericardium, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium Medical: Cor Pericardium Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium. The next and by far the thickest layer is the heart muscle (myocardium). It is the actual motor of the cardiovascular system. The muscles are separated from the blood only by a very thin layer of cells (endocardium), which is very smooth on … Heart
HistologyTissue The endocardium is a flat, unicellular layer that separates the chamber muscles from the blood. It corresponds functionally to the inner lining of the blood vessels (endothelium). Its function, preventing the formation of a blood clot (thrombus), is ensured by its special smooth surface and by the production of anticoagulants (nitrogen monoxide (NO), prostacyclin). … HistologyTissue | Heart
The heart consists of different layers. The outermost layer of the heart wall is the epicardium (outer skin of the heart). The epicardium is firmly attached to the underlying myocardium (heart muscle tissue). Structure/Histology To understand the entire structure of the layers, it is best to take another look at the entire heart. On the … Epicardium
The heart consists of different layers. The innermost layer is the endocardium. As the innermost layer, it comes into direct contact with the blood that flows through the heart. The endocardium (from inside to outside) contains the myocardium (the layer of the heart muscle) and the epicardium (the outer skin of the heart). The pericardium, … Endocardium
Diseases The inflammation of the inner skin of the heart is called endocarditis. Untreated, this disease is usually fatal, but nowadays it is easily treatable with antibiotics. Other diseases are Löffler’s endocarditis and endomyocardial fibrosis. Diagnostics Echocardiography is used to visualize the endocardium. This allows the heart valves in particular to be examined very well. … Diseases | Endocardium
Troponin is a complex of three globular protein subunits. As a component of the muscle contractile apparatus, troponin regulates muscle contraction. It carries special significance in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. What is troponin? Troponin, as a component of the actin filament, is part of the contractile unit of skeletal and cardiac muscles. It is … Troponin: Structure, Function & Diseases
Anatomy The AV node, like the sinus node, is located in the right atrium. However, it lies further down, more precisely at the transition to the right ventricle and thus in Koch’s triangle. Just like the sinus node, the AV node does not consist of nerve cells, but of specialized heart muscle cells that have … AV node
During a heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction or heartbeat, a part of the heart muscle (myocardium) is undersupplied due to a circulatory disorder (ischemia). This lack of oxygen causes this part of the heart muscle cells to die. The circulatory disorder occurs because one of the vessels supplying the heart muscle is blocked. … Causes of heart attack
With the woman Heart attacks among women are becoming more and more frequent in Germany and are now among the main causes of death. One reason for this seems to be that women react differently to medication due to their different hormone balance and physical condition. For example, the frequently prescribed drug acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) … With the woman | Causes of heart attack
Stress A heart attack is often caused by emotional stress or physical exertion. It is also caused by overwhelming emotional events such as the sudden death of a close person, a great shock or great excitement (e.g. as a spectator in a stadium watching a World Cup final victory). In such cases, the heart attack … Stress | Causes of heart attack
The most common causes With the number of the factors of risk also the individual risk increases to get a cardiac infarct. To the main risk groups for a cardiac infarct therefore all persons are to be counted, with whom individual or mehre factors of risk are particularly pronounced. For example, patients with a condition … The most common causes | Causes of heart attack