Products Most antidepressants are commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets. In addition, oral solutions (drops), meltable tablets, dispersible tablets, and injectables are also available, among others. The first representatives were developed in the 1950s. It was discovered that the antituberculosis drugs isoniazid and iproniazid (Marsilid, Roche) had antidepressant properties. Both agents are MAO … Antidepressants
Products Methylphenidate is commercially available in many countries in the form of tablets, film-coated tablets, sustained-release tablets, and sustained-release capsules (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta, Medikinet, Equasym, generics). It has been approved since 1954. The drug is subject to strict control as a narcotic and is available only by prescription. The isomer dexmethylphenidate (Focalin XR) is also … Methylphenidate: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Yohimbine is no longer on sale in many countries. Hänseler’s tablets are out of trade. Stem plant Yohimbe. Effects Local anesthetic Release of norepinephrine from synaptic nerve terminals. Increases blood pressure and heart rate Aphrodisiac Fields of application As an aphrodisiac, erectile dysfunction, in sexual disorders. For weakness and exhaustion Commission E evaluates the … Yohimbine (Quebrachine)
Products Droxidopa was approved in the United States in 2014 in capsule form (Northera). The drug is not currently registered in many countries. Structure and properties Droxidopa (C9H11NO5, Mr = 213.2 g/mol) exists as an odorless, tasteless, white, crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. In the body, it is biotransformed by DOPA decarboxylase … Droxidopa
Products Duloxetine is commercially available in the form of capsules (Cymbalta, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 2005. Structure and properties Duloxetine (C18H19NOS, Mr = 297.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as pure -duloxetine hydrochloride, a white to light brown powder that is sparingly soluble in water. Effects Duloxetine (ATC N06AX21) has … Duloxetine
Products Stimulants are commercially available as drugs, narcotics, dietary supplements, and foods. Dosage forms include tablets, capsules, and solutions. Structure and properties Stimulants do not have a uniform chemical structure, but groups can be identified. Many, for example the amphetamines, are derived from the natural catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. Effects The active ingredients … Stimulants
Products In many countries, no medicines containing milnacipran are registered. In other countries, film-coated tablets and capsules are available, for example Savella in the United States. Structure and properties Milnacipran (C15H22N2O, Mr = 246.4 g/mol) is present in the drug as milnacipran hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. It is … Milnacipran
Products LABA is an acronym for , which means long-acting beta agonists (sympathomimetics). LABAs are mainly marketed as inhaled preparations (powders, solutions) administered with an inhaler such as a metered-dose inhaler, diskus, respimat, breezhaler, or ellipta. Some may also be given perorally. Salmeterol and formoterol were the first agents from this group to be approved … LABA
Products Nefazodone was commercially available in tablet form in many countries beginning in 1997 (Nefadar, 100 mg, Bristol Myers Squibb). It was withdrawn from the market again in 2003 because of potential health risks. Structure and properties Nefazodone (C25H32ClN5O2, Mr = 470.0 g/mol) is present in drugs as nefazodone hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that … Nefazodon
Theories on the development of depression There are many theories that deal with the development and maintenance of depression. Here are some examples: Lewinsohn’s theory of depression According to Lewinsohn’s theory, depression occurs when you have few positive reinforcers in your life or when you lose previous reinforcers. Amplifiers in this context are rewarding, positive … Theories on the development of depression | Causes of depression
Depression is one of the most common mental diseases worldwide. It affects up to 16% of the population worldwide. At present, up to 3.1 million people in Germany alone suffer from depression requiring treatment; that is up to 10% of all GP patients. However, only less than 50% ultimately consult a doctor. But what are … Causes of depression
Personality factors The personality of each person can also decide whether or not one falls ill with depression. Studies have shown that extremely orderly, compulsive, performance-oriented people (so-called melancholic type) with low self-confidence are more likely to suffer from depression than, for example, people with very self-confident and strong personality traits. People with a low … Personality factors | Causes of depression
