Products Atropine is commercially available in the form of eye drops, drops, and as a solution for injection. It has been approved in many countries since 1987. Medicinal plants containing atropine have been used medicinally for much longer. Structure and properties Atropine (C17H23NO3, Mr = 289.4 g/mol) is a tertiary amine and belongs to the … Atropine
Products Galantamine is commercially available in the form of sustained-release capsules (Reminyl, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 2000. Generics entered the market in 2014. Structure and properties Galantamine (C17H21NO3, Mr = 287.4 g/mol) is an alkaloid found in the Caucasian snowdrop, among other species, and is now produced synthetically. In pharmaceuticals, … Galantamine
Products Clidinium bromide is commercially available in the form of dragées in combination with chlordiazepoxide (Librax). It has been approved in many countries since 1961. Structure and properties Clidinium bromide (C22H26BrNO3, Mr = 432.4 g/mol) Effects Clidinium bromide (ATC A03CA02) has anticholinergic and spasmolytic properties on smooth muscle. Indications In combination with chlordiazepoxide: Gastrointestinal or … Clidinium Bromide
Symptoms Urinary incontinence manifests as involuntary leakage of urine. The common problem poses a psychosocial challenge for those affected, which can lead to changes in personal activities and a loss of quality of life. Risk factors include female gender, age, obesity, and numerous medical conditions. Causes Urinary incontinence can occur as a result of pathologic, … Urinary Incontinence: Causes and Treatment
Products Desfesoterodine was approved in many countries in 2019 in sustained-release tablet form (generic, tovedeso). Structure and properties Desfesoterodine (C22H31NO2, Mr = 341.5 g/mol) is the active metabolite of the prodrug fesoterodine as well as tolterodine (detrusitol). It is also referred to as 5-hydroxymethyltolterodine. In the drug, it is present as desfesoterodine succinate. Effects Desfesoterodine … Desfesoterodine
Products Oxybutynin is commercially available in tablet form and as a transdermal patch (Ditropan, Kentera). It has been approved in many countries since 1988, and the transdermal patch has been available since 2007. Extemporaneous formulations are also produced; see Intravesical oxybutynin solution (for use in the urinary bladder). Other dosage forms have been released in … Oxybutynin
Symptoms The possible symptoms and consequences of datura poisoning include: Dry mouth, dry skin and mucous membranes, thirst, difficulty speaking and swallowing. Dilation of the pupils Visual disturbances, sensitivity to light Urinary retention, constipation, nausea and vomiting. Feeling of heat, increased temperature, flush Rapid pulse, palpitations, low blood pressure. Movement disorders, rapid breathing rate Hallucinations … Datura Poisoning
Effects mydriatic: dilating the pupil Indications Glaucoma In eye diagnostics Active substances Parasympatholytics: Atropine (various) Cyclopentolate (cyclogyl) Tropicamide (Mydriaticum Dispersa) Sympathomimetics
Definition Eye drops are sterile, aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions of one or more active ingredients for dropwise application to the eye. They may contain excipients. Aqueous preparations in multi-dose containers must contain a suitable preservative if the preparation is not itself sufficiently antimicrobial. Eye drops without preservatives must be marketed in single-dose containers. … Eye Drops for Dry, Red, Pink or Itchy Eyes
Definition The active ingredient of the drug Spiriva® is tiotropium. It belongs to the group of so-called parasympatholytics. It is used in the context of so-called COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The main symptoms of this disease are a chronic cough and increasing difficulty in breathing. Taking Spiriva® helps to counteract these symptoms. By dilating … Spiriva
Contraindications Spiriva® should not be taken if you are allergic to the active ingredient tiotropium or to lactose (milk sugar). As there is insufficient knowledge about the side effects in pregnancy, Spiriva® should only be used under a clear and necessary indication. During breastfeeding, Spiriva® should rather be avoided, as it is not sufficiently known … Contraindications | Spiriva
