Products Medicines containing tacrine are no longer available in many countries. Cognex capsules are no longer on the market. Structure and properties Tacrine (C13H14N2, Mr = 198.3 g/mol) is a tetrahydroacridin-9-amine. It is present in drugs as tacrine hydrochloride monohydrate. Effects Tacrine (ATC N06DA01) is indirectly parasympathomimetic. Effects are due to central and reversible inhibition … Tacrine
Products Carbachol is commercially available as a solution for injection (Miostat). It has been approved in many countries since 1976. Structure and properties Carbachol (C6H15ClN2O2, Mr = 182.7 g/mol) is a structural analog of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Instead of the acetyl group, a carbamoyl group is present, resulting in increased chemical stability. As a result, … Carbachol
Symptoms Possible symptoms of dry mouth include: Dry oral mucosa, dry throat, hoarseness. Sticky, foamy feeling in the mouth Problems chewing, swallowing and speaking. Taste disorders Pain, burning of the mucous membrane and tongue, redness. Bad breath Dry lips, cracks at the corners of the mouth Dry mouth can lead to demineralization of the teeth, … Dry Mouth Causes and Remedies
Products Neostigmine is now commercially available in many countries only as a solution for injection (Robinul Neostigmine Injektionslsg). Prostigmine 15 mg tablets are no longer available in many countries. Structure and properties Neostigmine bromide (C12H19BrN2O2, 303.20 g/mol) Effects Neostigmine (ATC N07AA01 , ATC S01EB06) is indirectly parasympathomimetic by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. It competitively competes with acetylcholine. … Neostigmine
Products There are no drugs containing physostigmine on the market in many countries. Structure and properties Physostigmine (C15H21N3O2, Mr = 275.3 g/mol) Stem Fabaceae. Effects Physostigmine is indirectly parasympathomimetic by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase; see under cholinesterase inhibitors. Indications Alzheimer’s disease As a miotic Antidote to curare poisoning and parasympatholytics, e.g., atropine.
Products Pilocarpine eye drops have been approved in many countries since 1960 (Spersacarpine). The combination with carteolol is off-label (Arteopilo). See also under pilocarpine tablets. Structure and properties Pilocarpine (C11H16N2O2, 208.26 g/mol) is present in the drops as pilocarpine hydrochloride, a white powder or colorless crystals that are very soluble in water. Pilocarpine is an … Pilocarpine Eye Drops
Products Distigmine bromide was commercially available in many countries in tablet form (Ubretide). It had been approved since 1973. Distribution was discontinued in 2020. Structure and properties Distigmine bromide (C22H32Br2N4O4, Mr = 576.3 g/mol) is a carbamic acid derivative. Effects Distigmine bromide (ATC N07AA03) has indirect parasympathomimetic (cholinergic) properties. The effects are due to reversible … Distigmine Bromide
Products Parasympathomimetics are commercially available in the form of tablets, capsules, solutions, transdermal patches, injectable solutions, and eye drops, among others. Structure and properties Many parasympathomimetics are structurally related to the natural ligand acetylcholine. Effects Parasympathomimetics have cholinergic (parasympathomimetic) properties. They promote the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system, a portion of the autonomic nervous … Parasympathomimetics
Products Bethanechol chloride is commercially available in tablet form (Myocholine-Glenwood). It has been approved in many countries since 1977. Structure and properties Bethanechol chloride (C7H17ClN2O2, Mr = 196.67 g/mol) is structurally closely related to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Effects Bethanechol chloride (ATC N07AB02) has parasympathomimetic (cholinergic) properties. It is an agonist at acetylcholine receptors. Bethanechol chloride … Bethanechol Chloride
Products Pilocarpine has been commercially available in many countries since 2004 in the form of film-coated tablets (Salagen). See also under pilocaprine eye drops. Structure and properties Pilocarpine (C11H16N2O2, 208.26 g/mol) is present in the drops as pilocarpine hydrochloride, a white powder or colorless crystals that are very soluble in water. Pilocarpine is an alkaloid … Pilocarpine Tablets
Stem plant Rutaceae. Medicinal drug Jaborandi folium – Jaborandi leaves: the unpaired one- to four-jointed leaf of Holmes, not infrequently reduced to the terminal leaflet (PH 4) – no longer officinal. Preparations Species diaphoreticae (diaphoretic tea). Ingredients Alkaloids: pilocarpine Effects Parasympathomimetic Indications for use Pilocarpine: As a tablet: dry mouth (xerostomia). Pilocarpine eye drops: glaucoma, … Pilocarpus
Products Acetylcholine is commercially available as an intraocular injection solution (Miochol). It has been approved in many countries since 1998. Structure and properties Acetylcholine (C7H16NO2+, Mr = 146.2 g/mol) Effects Acetylcholine (ATC S01EB09) has parasympathomimetic and miotic properties. Mechanism of action Binding to nicotinic (sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglion cells and motor endplates) and muscarinic (parasympathetic … Acetylcholine Neurotransmitter
