How does oxytocin behave under stress? Stress leads to an alarm reaction of the body, it prepares itself for an argument in the form of fight or flight. For this purpose e.g. : Oxytocin partially has opposite effects. It is therefore an important regulator of stress and can help to contain it. Oxytocin is often … How does oxytocin behave under stress? | Oxytocin
Formation of estrogen: Estrogens as components of the steroid hormones are formed from the hormone androstendione. These hormones are formed in the ovaries (ovaries), placenta, adrenal cortex and testicles (testis). The hormone producing cells in the ovaries are the granulosa and theca cells, in the testis the Leydig intermediate cells. The following estrogen representatives exist: … Estrogens
Nodules in the thyroid gland (Glandula thyroidea), or thyroid enlargement are extremely common. People of different ages suffer from these conditions, although younger people suffer from them much less frequently. However, women are affected much more often than men. With advancing age, the nodes become more and more prominent. Often these nodes are not noticed. … Nodules in the thyroid gland
Causes The nodules in the thyroid gland are pathological areas that grow against the remaining cells of the thyroid gland. The cause can be an adenoma. This is a benign tumor. Although they do not spread and thus do not lead to metastases, they can produce excess hormones that can harm the patient. This can … Causes | Nodules in the thyroid gland
Therapy The treatment of thyroid nodules always depends on the size and quantity.If it concerns one or a few very small lumps, usually no therapy is necessary. However, it is recommended to have the lumps examined regularly. However, if the lumps are larger and benign, symptoms may occur, and in some cases surgery may be … Therapy | Nodules in the thyroid gland
Hashimoto The chronic immunothyroiditis Hashimoto is an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune means that the body’s own immune system is directed against its own organism. It is a chronic disease of the thyroid gland that causes inflammation of the organ. In this disease the thyroid tissue is systematically destroyed by the body’s own T-lymphocytes. T-lymphocytes are responsible … Hashimoto | Nodules in the thyroid gland
Dosage Since noradrenaline causes its effects in the body even in small amounts, exact dosage is of crucial importance in the context of therapeutic use in intensive care medicine. A particularly rapid effect is achieved by administering a specific dose intravenously in a single dose (bolus). The stable development of the desired effects is ensured … Dosage | Noradrenaline
Definition Noradrenaline is a messenger substance (transmitter) produced naturally in the body, which belongs to the subgroup of catocholamines. It is produced from the neurotransmitter dopamine with the participation of an enzyme (dopamine beta hydroxylase). For this reason, dopamine is also called a precursor of noradrenaline. The production takes place mainly in the adrenal medulla, … Noradrenaline
Noradrenaline receptors The specific receptors for norepinephrine and adrenaline are called adrenoceptors. The two messenger substances act at two different receptor subtypes. On the one hand, the alpha receptors are stimulated and on the other hand the beta receptors are activated. Alpha-1-receptors are mostly located on the walls of the blood vessels, which ensure the … Noradrenaline receptors | Noradrenaline
Introduction The catecholamines, or catecholamines, belong to the group of hormones with androgenic effects on the cardiovascular system. The catecholamines are so-called sympathomimetic drugs, either produced by the body or artificially synthesized substances, and act on the alpha and beta receptors. Among the catecholamines are Adrenalin Noradrenaline Dopamine Isoprenalin (drug substance) Dobutamine (drug substance) Dopeaxamine … Catecholamines
Introduction The thyroid gland produces two different hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The synthesis and release of these hormones is regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Their main purpose is to increase the energy metabolism. The thyroid gland produces the hormones T3 and T4 on the one hand and calcitonin on the other. … Thyroid hormones
Transport in blood Both thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are 99% bound to the thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) in the blood. This serves to transport the hormones and prevents an early effect of T3. Only about 0.03% T4 and 0.3% T3 are present in the blood unbound and therefore biologically active. The half-life of unbound T4 … Transport in blood | Thyroid hormones
