Products Caffeine citrate solution was newly approved in many countries in 2016 (Peyona). It was available earlier in other countries. Structure and properties Caffeine (C8H10N4O2, Mr = 194.2 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder or as white silk-like crystals and is sparingly soluble in water. The substance sublimes readily. Citric acid monohydrate (C6H8O7 – … Caffeine Citrate Solution
Products Antiandrogens are mainly commercially available in the form of tablets, capsules, and injectables. Among the first steroidal agents was cyproterone acetate, which was patented in the 1960s. Flutamide was the first non-steroidal agent to be approved in the 1980s. Structure and properties A distinction is made between antiandrogens with a steroidal structure (like the … Antiandrogens
Symptoms Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that is initially asymptomatic. Patients have no symptoms until the optic nerve becomes increasingly damaged, which can lead to irreversible visual impairment with visual field loss and blindness. Glaucoma represents the most common cause of blindness. Causes The cause of the disease is usually an increase in intraocular … Glaucoma: Causes and Treatment
Products Beta2-sympathomimetics are usually commercially available as inhalation preparations (powders, solutions) administered with an inhaler, for example, metered-dose inhaler, diskus, Respimat, Breezhaler, or Ellipta. There are few drugs on the market that can be given perorally. Structure and properties Beta2-sympathomimetics are structurally related to the natural ligands epinephrine and norepinephrine. They may exist as racemates … Beta2-Sympathomimetics
Products Amantadine is commercially available as film-coated tablets, capsules, and an infusion solution (Symmetrel, PK-Merz). It has been approved in many countries since 1966. Structure and properties Amantadine (C10H17N, Mr = 151.2 g/mol) is present in drugs as amantadine sulfate or amantadine hydrochloride. Amantadine hydrochloride is a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in … Amantadine
Products Oligomannate was approved in China in 2019 in the form of capsules (Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceuticals). The group led by Prof. Geng Meiyu at the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica spent more than 20 years on the research. This is the first new oral Alzheimer’s drug since 2003, and another Phase III clinical trial … Oligomannate
Products Injection preparations are approved as medicinal products. Structure and properties Injection preparations are sterile solutions, emulsions, or suspensions prepared by dissolving, emulsifying, or suspending the active ingredient and excipients in water or a suitable nonaqueous liquid (e.g., fatty oils). Compared with infusions, these are usually small volumes in the range of less than a … Injections
Products Linezolid is commercially available as an infusion solution, in the form of film-coated tablets, and as granules for preparation of a suspension (Zyvoxid, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 2001. Structure and properties Linezolid (C16H20FN3O4, Mr = 337.3 g/mol) was the first agent developed from the oxazolidinone group. It is structurally … Linezolid
Products Lipid-lowering agents are mainly sold as tablets and capsules as monopreparations and combination preparations. Some other dosage forms exist, such as granules and injectables. Statins have established themselves as the most important group at present. Structure and properties The chemical structure of lipid-lowering agents is inconsistent. However, within the class, groups with comparable structures … Lipid-Lowering Agents
Products Tranexamic acid is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets and effervescent tablets (Cyklokapron). It has been approved in many countries since 1968. In 2016, a solution for injection was also released. This article refers to peroral administration. Structure and properties Tranexamic acid (C8H15NO2, Mr = 157.2 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline … Tranexamic Acid
Products Transdermal patches are approved as medicinal products. They offer themselves as an alternative to other modes of application such as peroral and parenteral administration. The first products were launched in the 1970s. Structure and properties Transdermal patches are flexible pharmaceutical preparations of varying sizes and thinness that contain one or more active ingredients. They … Transdermal Patches
Products Valganciclovir is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Valcyte). It has been approved in many countries since 2001. Generic versions were registered in 2014. Structure and properties Valganciclovir (C14H22N6O5, Mr = 354.4 g/mol) is an L-valine ester prodrug of ganciclovir and is present in the drug product as valganciclovir hydrochloride, a white … Valganciclovir
