Products Maltodextrin is commercially available as a pure powder. It is also found in numerous processed foods and in pharmaceuticals. Structure and properties Maltodextrin exists as a white, hygroscopic powder or granules and is readily soluble in water. It is a mixture of monomers, oligomers and polymers of glucose (dextrose) obtained by the partial hydrolysis … Maltodextrin
Products Mannitol is commercially available as a powder and as an infusion preparation. The pure substance is available in pharmacies and drugstores. Structure and properties D-mannitol (C6H14O6, Mr = 182.2 g/mol) exists as white crystals or white powder that dissolves readily in water. Mannitol is a hexavalent sugar alcohol and occurs naturally in plants, algae, … Mannitol
Products Starch is available as a pure substance in grocery stores (e.g., Maizena, Epifin), pharmacies, and drugstores, among other places. Structure and properties Starch is a polysaccharide and a carbohydrate composed of D-glucose units that are α-glycosidically linked. The contains amylopectin (about 70%) and amylose (about 30%), which have different structures. Amylose consists of unbranched … Strength
Structure and properties Benzethonium chloride (C27H42ClNO2, Mr = 448.1 g/mol) is a white to yellowish white powder that is very soluble in water. The aqueous solution foams strongly when shaken. Effects Benzethonium chloride (ATC R02AA09, ATC D08AJ58) has antiseptic, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. Indications For local disinfection, such as infections and inflammations of the … Benzethonium Chloride
Products Bentonite is available as a pure substance in pharmacies and drugstores. Specialty retailers can order it from specialized suppliers. It is named after the place where it was found near Fort Benton in the United States. Structure and properties Bentonite is a natural clay with a large proportion of montmorillonite, a hydrous aluminum silicate … Bentonite
Products Benzalkonium chloride is commercially available as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in the form of lozenges, as a gargling solution, as a gel and as a disinfectant, among others. As a preservative, it is commonly added in pharmaceuticals to eye drops, nasal sprays, nose drops and inhalation solutions for asthma and COPD treatment. It is … Benzalkonium Chloride
Products Pure malic acid is available in specialized stores. The name of the acid is derived from Latin (apple), because it was first isolated from apple juice in 1785. Structure and properties Malic acid (C4H6O5, Mr = 134.1 g/mol) is an organic dicarboxylic acid which belongs to the hydroxycarboxylic acids. It exists as a white … Malic Acid
Products Carmellose is commercially available in the form of eye drops and as an oral spray (e.g., Cellufluid, Glandosane, Optava). Structure and properties Carmellose is the calcium or sodium salt of a partially -carboxymethylated cellulose (carboxymethylcellulose calcium or carboxymethylcellulose sodium). Effects Carmellose (ATC S01XA20) forms an optically clear film on the eye, which approximates natural … Carmellose
Products Carrageenan is used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals as well as in food and personal care products. Structure and properties Carrageenans are composed of polysaccharides from various red algae species (e.g. , Irish moss) and are obtained by extraction, separation and purification. The main constituents are potassium, sodium, calcium or magnesium salts of the … Carrageenan
Products Cocoa powder is available in grocery stores and specialty stores. Cocoa butter is available in pharmacies and drugstores, among other places. Stem plant The evergreen cacao tree of the mallow family (Malvaceae, formerly Sterculiaceae) is native to South America and is now cultivated in regions around the equator, including South America, Africa and Asia. … Cocoa
Products Gelatin is available as a pure substance in grocery stores and in pharmacies or drugstores. It is found in many processed foods, pharmaceuticals, and sweets, among other products. Structure and properties Gelatin is a purified mixture of proteins obtained by either partial acid, alkaline, or enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen. Hydrolysis results in gelling and … Gelatin
Products Glycerol (synonym: glycerol) is contained in numerous drugs as a pharmaceutical excipient. As an active ingredient, it is mainly used as a laxative in the form of suppositories or as an enema (e.g., Bulboid). Structure and properties Glycerol or propane-1,2,3-triol (C3H8O3, Mr = 92.1 g/mol) is a colorless, clear, fatty-feeling, syrupy, very hygroscopic liquid … Glycerol
