Products Sodium alginate, along with sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate, is commercially available as chewable tablets and as a suspension (Gaviscon). It was approved in many countries in 2013. Structure and properties Sodium alginate is mainly composed of the sodium salt of alginic acid. Alginic acid is a mixture of polyuronic acids with alternating proportions … Sodium Alginate
Products Silicon is available as a dietary supplement in the form of tablets, powder, gel, balm and solution, among others. It is also sold commercially under the name silica. As an excipient, it is contained in numerous drugs, medical products and cosmetics. See also under silicon dioxide. Caution: In English, the chemical element is called … Silicon
Definition On the one hand, drugs contain the active ingredients that mediate the pharmacological effects. On the other hand, they consist of excipients, which are used for the production or to support and regulate the drug effect. Placebos, which consist only of excipients and contain no active ingredients, are an exception. Excipients can be of … Auxiliary Materials
Products Calcium carbonate is commercially available as a drug in the form of tablets, capsules, effervescent tablets, chewable tablets, lozenges, and oral suspension, among others. Some products are combination preparations, for example with vitamin D3 or other antacids. Structure and properties Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 , M r = 100.1 g/mol) exists in pharmacopoeia quality … Calcium Carbonate
Products Agar (synonym: agar-agar) is available as a pure substance in pharmacies, drugstores, and large grocery stores, among other places. It is found in numerous processed products. Agar was discovered in the 17th century and originated in Japan. It is generally more expensive than gelatin. Structure and properties Agar is composed of the polysaccharides of … Agar
Products Human albumin is commercially available as an infusion solution for intravenous use. Structure and properties Human albumin is a monomeric protein with a heart-shaped structure that can be extracted from human plasma for the production of drugs. In the body, it is produced by the liver. The mature protein consists of 585 amino acids, … Albumin: Protein in the Blood
Products Pure lanolin is available in pharmacies and drugstores as open goods. Numerous personal care products, cosmetics and semi-solid medicines contain lanolin. The best known product containing lanolin is probably Bepanthen ointment. Structure and properties The European Pharmacopoeia defines lanolin as a purified, waxy, anhydrous substance obtained from the wool of sheep. Lanolin is water … Wool Wax
Products Beeswax is available as a pure substance in pharmacies and drugstores, among other places. Structure and properties The European Pharmacopoeia defines two types of beeswax. Yellow wax (Cera flava) is the wax obtained by melting out the honeybee’s emptied combs with hot water and purified of foreign components. Bleached wax (Cera alba) is obtained … Beeswax
Products Adipic acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals and as an additive in foods. It was originally produced from fats (adeps). Structure and properties Adipic acid (C6H10O4, Mr = 146.14 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline, odorless and poorly hygroscopic powder and is sparingly soluble in water. In boiling water the solubility is … Adipic Acid
Products Macrogol 4000 has been approved in many countries since 1987 as granules in combination with salts for bowel emptying and treatment of constipation (e.g., Isocolan). In 2013, a monopreparation that does not contain electrolytes was approved in many countries for the first time (Laxipeg). It is also available without flavoring (pure macrogol). The pure … Macrogol 4000
Products Macrogol 400 is available in pharmacies and drugstores. It should not be confused with macrogol 4000, which is also used as a stool-regulating laxative, among other products. Structure and properties Macrogols are mixtures of linear polymers with the general formula H-(OCH2-CH2)n-OH, indicating the average number of oxyethylene groups. The macrogol type is defined by … Macrogol 400
Products Aluminum is found in pharmaceuticals (e.g., antacids, acetic alumina solution, vaccines, hyposensitization), cosmetics, personal care products (e.g., antiperspirants, deodorants), sunscreens, food, food additives, medicinal drugs, and drinking water, among others. It is also referred to as aluminum. Structure and properties Aluminum is a chemical element with atomic number 13 and is a silvery-white and … Aluminum
