Products Snus is traditionally produced and consumed in Sweden and other Scandinavian countries. It was invented at the beginning of the 19th century. Now it is also used in many other European countries and in many countries. The ban on its sale was lifted in many countries in 2019 due to a federal court ruling. … Snus
Definition and properties The boiling point is the characteristic temperature at which a substance passes from the liquid to the gaseous state. The liquid and gaseous phases are in equilibrium at this point. A typical example is water, which starts boiling at 100 °C and becomes water vapor. The boiling point depends on the pressure. … Boiling Point
Products Creams (High German: Cremes) are commercially available as medicinal products, cosmetics and medical devices. Creams are available in numerous variations, for example as hand creams, day and night creams, sun creams and fat creams. Structure and properties Creams are semi-solid preparations usually intended for application to the skin or mucous membrane. They are multiphase … Creams
Products In many countries, only a few ear drops are currently on the market. They are also produced in pharmacies themselves. Structure and properties Ear drops are solutions, emulsions, or suspensions containing one or more active ingredients in liquids suitable for use in the ear canal. These include, for example, water, glycols, glycerol, propylene glycol, … Ear Drops
Products Gels are commercially available as pharmaceuticals, medical devices and cosmetics. Structure and properties Gels consist of gelled liquids. They are prepared with suitable swelling agents (gelling agents). These include, for example, celluloses (e.g., hydroxypropyl cellulose), starches, carbomers, gelatin, xanthan gum, bentonite, agar, tragacanth, carrageenan, and pectin. The pharmacopoeia distinguishes between hydrophilic and lipophilic gels. … Gels
Products Diltiazem ointments are not registered as finished drug products in many countries. However, they can be prepared as an extemporaneous prescription in a pharmacy. Typically, two-percent dosage forms are used (gel, cream, or ointment). There are various manufacturing instructions. For example, white petroleum jelly, Excipial oily ointment, DAC base cream, or a gel base … Diltiazem Ointment
Products Hand disinfectant gels are available, for example, in pharmacies and drugstores. Structure and properties Hand disinfectant gels are gelled liquids (gels) for external application on the hands, which contain one or more disinfectants. Typical ingredients are: Disinfectants such as ethanol, propanol and isopropanol (propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol). Purified water Gel formers such as celluloses and carbomers. … Hand Disinfectant Gels
Products Preservatives can be found in liquid, semi-solid and solid pharmaceuticals. They are also used for food and cosmetics. Structure and properties Preservatives belong to various chemical groups. These include, for example: Acids and their salts Benzoic acid derivatives, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Quaternary ammonium compounds Alcohols Phenols Preservatives can be of natural and synthetic origin. … Preservative
Products Some drugs are commercially available as mouthwashes. A selection of the active ingredients they contain is listed below: Local anesthetics: Lidocaine Disinfectant: chlorhexidine Herbal extracts: chamomile, sage, echinacea, mallow. Anti-inflammatory: benzydamine Antibiotics: Tyrothricin Structure and properties Mouthwashes are liquid dosage forms for the administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients into the mouth and throat. They … Mouthwashes
Products Mouth sprays are commercially available as drugs, medical devices, and dietary supplements. Listed below are some active ingredients that are administered with an oral spray: Local anesthetics: Lidocaine Disinfectant: chlorhexidine Herbal extracts: chamomile, sage, echinacea. Gel former: celluloses Anti-inflammatory: benzydamine Antibiotics: Tyrothricin Nitrates: isosorbide dinitrate Weaning agents: nicotine Cannabinoids: cannabidiol (CBD), cannabis extract. Mouth … Mouth Sprays
Definition On the one hand, drugs contain the active ingredients that mediate the pharmacological effects. On the other hand, they consist of excipients, which are used for the production or to support and regulate the drug effect. Placebos, which consist only of excipients and contain no active ingredients, are an exception. Excipients can be of … Auxiliary Materials
Products Hima pasta was approved in many countries in 1995. After 22 years, in 2017, its sales were discontinued. Ingredients 1 g paste contained 10 mg zinc sulfate and 200 mg zinc oxide. Excipients: propylene glycol, dye E 172 (iron oxide), preservative benzalkonium chloride (selection). Effects The active ingredients zinc sulfate and zinc oxide have … Hima Pasta
