Symptoms Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that is initially asymptomatic. Patients have no symptoms until the optic nerve becomes increasingly damaged, which can lead to irreversible visual impairment with visual field loss and blindness. Glaucoma represents the most common cause of blindness. Causes The cause of the disease is usually an increase in intraocular … Glaucoma: Causes and Treatment
Products Cloprostenol is commercially available as a solution for injection. It has been approved in many countries since 1977 and exclusively as a veterinary drug. Structure and properties Cloprostenol (C22H29ClO6, Mr = 424.9 g/mol) is a synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2α and structurally related to it. It exists as a white powder and is highly … Cloprostenol
Products Prostaglandin analogues are commercially available in the form of eye drops in vials or as monodoses without preservatives. Latanoprost (Xalatan) was the first agent from this group to be approved in 1996. Prostaglandin analogues are also combined with the beta-blocker timolol fix. Structure and properties Prostaglandin analogs are derivatives of prostaglandin F2α. Except for … Prostaglandin Analogs
Products Travoprost is commercially available in the form of eye drops as a monopreparation (Travatan) and as a fixed combination with the beta-blocker timolol (Duotrav). It was approved in many countries in 2002. Generic versions were first released in 2016 and went on sale in 2017. Structure and properties Travoprost (C26H35F3O6, Mr = 500.55 g/mol) … Travoprost
Products Tafluprost is available in the form of eye drops (saflutane). It was approved in many countries in 2010. In 2016, a fixed combination with timolol was also registered (Taptiqom). Structure and properties Tafluprost (C25H34F2O5, Mr = 452.53 g/mol) is a fluorinated analog of prostaglandin F2α (Figure). It is a prodrug and is converted at … Tafluprost
Products Latanoprost is commercially available as eye drops in dropper bottles and as monodoses (Xalatan, generic, auto-generic, 50 µg/ml). It is also available as a fixed combination with timolol (Xalacom, generic, auto-generic). Latanoprost was developed in the 1980s as part of a collaboration between Columbia University in New York and Pharmacia in Uppsala, Sweden (Stjernschantz, … Latanoprost
Products Latanoprostenebunod was approved in the United States in 2017 in the form of eye drops (Vyzulta). Structure and properties Latanoprostenebunod is a prodrug that is metabolized in the eye to latanoprost acid and butanediol mononitrate. Butanediol mononitrate is further biotransformed to 1,4-butanediol and nitric oxide (NO). Latanoprost acid is also formed from latanoprost, which … Latanoprostenbunod
Products Bimatoprost is commercially available in the form of eye drops (Lumigan). It is also available in combination with timolol (Ganfort, Ganfort UD). The drug was approved in many countries in 2002. Generics are registered. Latisse (0.3 mg/ml) to promote eyelash growth is on the market in the United States. Structure and properties Bimatoprost (C25H37NO4, … Bimatoprost
