Definition and examples Any pharmacologically active drug can also cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs). According to the WHO definition, these are harmful and unintended effects during intended use. In English, this is referred to as an (ADR). Typical adverse effects are: Headache, dizziness, sleep disturbance, fatigue, impaired reaction time. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, … Adverse Effects
Products Dopamine agonists are commercially available in the form of tablets, sustained-release tablets, transdermal patches, and injectables, among others. Structure and properties The first active ingredients, such as bromocriptine (Figure), were derived from ergot alkaloids. These are referred to as ergoline dopamine agonists. Later, agents with a nonergoline structure, such as pramipexole, were also developed. … Dopamine Agonists
Products Selexipag was approved in the United States in 2015 and in the EU and many countries in 2016 in film-coated tablet form (Uptravi). Structure and properties Selexipag (C26H32N4O4S, Mr = 496.6 g/mol) is a diphenylpyrazine derivative. It is biotransformed in the liver by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) to the active metabolite ACT-333679 (MRE-269). The metabolite … Selexipag
Products Various drugs containing tenofoviralafenamide are on the market worldwide. In many countries, tenofoviralafenamide was first approved in 2016 (United States: 2015). Biktarvy: bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofoviralafenamide (HIV). Genvoya: elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofoviralafenamide (HIV). Descovy: emtricitabine and tenofoviralafenamide (HIV). Odefsey: emtricitabine, rilpivirine and tenofoviralafenamide (HIV). Symtuza: darunavir + cobicistat + emtricitabine + tenofoviralafenamide. Vemlidy: … Tenofoviralafenamide
Products Siponimod was approved in film-coated tablet form in the United States in 2019 and in many countries in 2020 (Mayzent). Structure and properties Siponimod (C29H35F3N2O3, Mr = 516.6 g/mol) is present in the drug as a 2:1 co-crystal with the fumaric acid and as a white powder. The drug was developed starting from fingolimod, … Siponimod
Products The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are mainly taken in the form of film-coated tablets or capsules. In addition, other dosage forms such as dispersible tablets, melting tablets and drops are available. Zimelidin was the first to be developed in the 1970s and was approved in the early 1980s. Sales had to be discontinued … Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
