Staging However, an exact assessment of the tumor stage is often only possible after the operation, when the tumor has been removed and the surgical specimen (resected) and the lymph nodes have been examined histologically under a microscope. T-stages: T1: Infiltration of the mucous membrane (mucosa) or muscles T2: Infiltration of the connective tissue following … Staging | Gall bladder cancer
If bronchial carcinoma is suspected, an X-ray overview of the lungs usually provides initial information – and possibly a suspicious finding. Further examinations to confirm the diagnosis or to exclude lung cancer are in particular computer tomography and bronchoscopy (endoscopy of the respiratory tract) with taking tissue samples (biopsy). The diagnosis of lung cancer is … Lung cancer diagnosis
Endosonography In endosonography, a specially shaped ultrasound probe is inserted via the oesophagus. This makes it possible to look at the lymph nodes around the airways, assess their size and, if necessary, perform a puncture, thus enabling cells to be taken directly from suspect lymph nodes to confirm or rule out an infestation. Checking the … Endosonography | Lung cancer diagnosis
Skin cancer is a collective term for numerous cancer diseases that develop or are visible on the skin. The most feared skin cancer is the black skin cancer, the so-called malignant melanoma. It develops from the pigment cells of the skin, which is why it is usually black in color. Much more common is white … Skin cancer of the face
Therapy of skin cancer of the face The preferred treatment for almost all types of skin cancer of the face is surgical removal of the skin change. Some skin changes can also be frozen (cryotherapy). When facial skin cancer is removed surgically (excision), a safe distance must usually be maintained, which means that healthy looking … Therapy of skin cancer of the face | Skin cancer of the face
Prophylaxis Prevention is the most important and effective way to prevent skin cancer from developing on the face. The face is not covered by clothing and is therefore the part of the body that is most exposed to sunlight. White skin cancer occurs especially on the face of older people, as many years of harmful … Prophylaxis | Skin cancer of the face
Definition The term squamous cell carcinoma describes a form of malignant skin cancer that originates from the superficial skin cells. It occurs particularly frequently in places that are exposed to UV radiation for long periods of time or are subject to permanent mechanical irritation. However, the carcinoma can theoretically be located at all sites that … Squamous cell carcinoma
The symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma Recognizing a squamous cell carcinoma in its early stages can be difficult, especially for the layperson. It usually appears first as a grayish-yellowish spot, which is often horny. Alternatively, a squamous cell carcinoma can also look like a small open wound that does not heal. These areas may feel … The symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma | Squamous cell carcinoma
The prognosis The term “malignant” – i.e. malignant – used to describe squamous cell carcinoma may initially give rise to thoughts of a poor prognosis. However, this is not entirely true: due to its superficial location and the low probability of spreading, the tumor can usually be detected in its early stages and removed without … The prognosis | Squamous cell carcinoma
What is an oral mucosa change? Oral mucosa changes are pathological changes of the mucosa in the area of the tongue, cheek, palate or jaw ridge. It can be roughness, elevation, hardening or thickening. Changes in color towards red or white are also possible. The changed areas can form blisters, become sore or form nodules. … Oral mucosa changes
Squamous cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma refers to malignant tumors of the skin and mucous membrane and is the second most common type of tumor of skin cells. In the oral cavity, it mainly affects the cheek mucous membrane, tongue or throat. The disease develops on severely damaged skin areas or chronic wounds. Causes can … Squamous cell carcinoma | Oral mucosa changes
Mouth Thrush Mouth thrush is a fungal disease caused by the pathogen Candida Albicans, which spreads mainly in the area of the mouth and throat. The characteristic symptom is a whitish, wipeable coating on a reddened oral mucosa. Sometimes only reddened areas of the tongue appear. Other symptoms are a feeling of dryness in the … Mouth Thrush | Oral mucosa changes
