surgeries

Fatty Liver (Steatosis Hepatis): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99). Abetalipoproteinemia (synonym: homozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, ABL/HoFHBL) – genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance; severe form of familial hypobetalipoproteinemia characterized by deficiency of apolipoprotein B48 and B100; defect in the formation of chylomicrons leading to fat digestion disorders in children, resulting in malabsorption (disorder of food absorption). Endocrine, nutritional … Fatty Liver (Steatosis Hepatis): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Fatty Liver (Steatosis Hepatis): Test and Diagnosis

Laboratory parameters of 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count (alcohol consumption: MCV ↑). Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma glucose; preprandial plasma glucose; venous). HbA1c (long-term blood glucose value) Ferritin (iron stores) [ferritin ↑, in 29-50% of cases]. Triglycerides Total cholesterol and LDL/HDL ratio Liver parameters – alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), … Fatty Liver (Steatosis Hepatis): Test and Diagnosis

Delirium: Test and Diagnosis

1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count [MCV ↑ in alcohol abuse and myxedema] Differential blood count Inflammatory parameter – CRP (C-reactive protein) Urine status (rapid test for: pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose, ketone, urobilinogen, bilirubin, blood), sediment, if necessary urine culture (pathogen detection and resistogram, that is, testing suitable antibiotics … Delirium: Test and Diagnosis

Esophageal Cancer: Test and Diagnosis

1st-order laboratory parameters-obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Differential blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Liver parameters – alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT, GGT). Alkaline phosphatase Laboratory parameters 2nd order (for follow-up). SCC, Cyfra (for: squamous cell carcinoma; … Esophageal Cancer: Test and Diagnosis

Otosclerosis: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height. ENT medical examination – including inspection of the external ear and auditory canal. Otoscopy (ear examination): usually unremarkable, if necessary, the active reddish otosclerosis focus (as a so-called Schwartz sign; hyperemia (increased … Otosclerosis: Examination

Shingles (Herpes Zoster): Complications

The following are the most important diseases or complications that can be caused by herpes zoster (shingles): Respiratory system (J00-J99) Pneumonia (pneumonia)/pneumonitis (esp. in immunosuppressed patients) – Note: typical skin changes show up only with a long latency of up to 14 days. Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59). Zoster ophthalmicus (affects 10-20% of adult zoster … Shingles (Herpes Zoster): Complications

Food Allergy: Causes

Pathogenesis (development of disease) In terms of their triggers, two forms of food allergy are distinguished: Primary food allergy: due to gastrointestinal sensitization to predominantly stable food allergens (e.g., milk and chicken egg whites, soy, wheat, peanut, and tree nuts)Anaphylactic shock due to food allergy (most common trigger of severe anaphylaxis in childhood) In young … Food Allergy: Causes

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS): Drug Therapy

Therapy recommendations Therapy for SIRS depends on the exact cause or previous illness: Surgical therapy of the underlying disease (focal decontamination) [see “Further Therapy”]. Drug therapy: Antimicrobial therapy Supportive (“adjuvant”) therapy: intensive therapy, circulatory stabilization, volume therapy, insulin therapy, other supportive therapy, if necessary). Airway management/ventilation [see “Further therapy“]. Renal replacement therapy, if necessary [see … Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS): Drug Therapy