Introduction
Amphetamine and methamphetamine belong to the group of wake-up calls. The intake of Weckaminen is considered as doping and causes an improvement of the co-ordinative abilities with sporty loads. The Weckamine causes a stimulation of the central nervous system (CNS).
This leads to an improvement in the interaction between the CNS and the musculature. Particularly in states of fatigue, wake-up amines have a performance-enhancing effect. The fatigue-related decline in performance can thus be counteracted by using wake-up amines.
Wake-up amines are thus used in endurance sports. The effect of the Weckamine results from the chemical relationship to adrenalin and noradrenalin. These endogenous hormones are transmitters of the sympathetic nervous system in the peripheral nerve endings.
The hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline are produced in the adrenal gland and from there are released directly into the blood. During sporting activity, the activity of the sympathetic nervous system increases and adrenaline and noradrenaline are released from the stores into the synaptic cleft. The hormones diffuse through the synaptic cleft to the receptors of the successful organ, where they trigger the following effect After the effect has subsided, 90% of the hormones are stored in the granules again and about 10% are broken down by hormones.
During psychic excitement, norepinephrine is mainly released from the peripheral nerves and adrenaline from the adrenal gland. – Increase of the heart rate
- Vasoconstriction
- Stimulating effect with improved coordination
In situations of fear, adrenaline is released. This adrenaline reaches the liver and activates the splitting of glycogen into glucose.
This prevents the blood glucose concentration in the blood from falling and sporting performance can be maintained longer. Amphetamine and methamphetamine are the two main types of waking amines. The effect of the Weckamine can be compared to norepinephrine.
Wake-up amines also cause the release of norepinephrine and its retention. This leads to an increase in heart rate and high blood pressure. By passing the blood–brain barrier, the wake-up amines have a stimulating effect and thus improve the coordination of movement.
The onset of fatigue is not consciously perceived, so sporting performance is possible over a longer period. However, wake-up amines do not cause an increase in maximum performance, only the duration. Wake-up vitamins cause a loss of appetite during increased physical activity.
One consequence is therefore weight reduction even with a constant energy supply. The release of energy results in increased heat production, which leads to a feeling of heat. A daily dose of more than 3-6 mg leads to an increase in the resting heart rate, high blood pressure and even circulatory shock.
As a result of the stimulation, lack of concentration, insomnia and increased aggression potential can occur as side effects. Continued use of amphetamines and methamphetamines leads to typical addictive behaviour with associated withdrawal symptoms. Due to the vasoconstrictive effect, the substances are used to reduce swelling of the mucous membranes (nasal drops). Due to their bronchodilator effect, the substances are considered to be asthma drugs.
