Generalized seizures
Generalized epilepsies are characterized by the fact that both halves of the brain are involved, which leads to disturbances of muscle tone and consciousness.The generalization can be primary, i.e. from the beginning, or secondary. The latter means that the discharges start in a focus and only secondarily spread to the rest of the brain. Examples of generalized seizures (epilepsy): 1.
Grand-mal seizure: typical course: partial onset with aura, for example sensations of smell or déjà-vutonic phase: falling down, muscle cramps, increase in pulse and blood pressure, sweat clonic phase: rhythmic twitching of the entire body, partial wettingIncreased salivationIncreased salivationTongue bite: short comatose state, then waking up or “terminal sleep”, amnesia regarding the seizure 2. Absence This form occurs between 6 and 10 years. Typical are a disturbance of consciousness with a fixed gaze and automatisms such as blinking or tongue movements.
It can occur up to 100 times a day without the person affected being able to remember. 3rd West SyndromeFlash-Nick-Salaam cramps At the age of 3 to 8 months, muscle twitches occur with lifting of arms and legs and flexion of head and trunk. When the twitching is intensified, the arms are crossed in front of the chest. 4th Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome This syndrome is found in 2 to 8-year-olds and includes limited or generalized muscle twitches. Tonic or tonic-clonic seizures often occur in addition.
Focal seizures
1. simple focal (epilepsy): no disturbance of consciousness Motor = occurrence of clonic or tonic symptoms on a certain part of the body (e.g. hand) Sensitive = tingling, pain of a certain part of the body Sensory = symptoms related to sight, hearing, smell or taste Vegetative = discomfort on the stomach of the heart, palpitations, sweating Psychological = inhibition of speech, hallucinations, illusions, cognitive disorders 2. complex focal
- Disturbance of consciousness
- Often Aura
- Automatisms
- Vegetative symptoms
- Speech disorders
- Secondary generalized
- See generalized seizures
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