Diabetes Insipidus

Diabetes Insipidus: Drug Therapy

Therapeutic target Improvement of symptomatology Therapy recommendations Therapy recommendations below depending on the diagnosis: Central diabetes insipidus (= deficiency of antidiuretic hormone, ADH), treatment with ADH (vasopressin): desmopressinNote: To notice water retention quickly, the patient should weigh himself daily at the beginning of therapy. Nephrogenic/renal diabetes insipidus (= lack of or inadequate renal response to … Diabetes Insipidus: Drug Therapy

Diabetes Insipidus: Diagnostic Tests

Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging of the skull (cranial CT or.cCT/cranial MRI or cMRI) – to exclude a tumor.

Diabetes Insipidus: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate diabetes insipidus: Pathognomonic (indicative of a disease). Polyuria – excessive urination of 5-25 liters/day. Associated symptoms Nocturia (nocturnal increased urination) – thereby also sleep disturbances with daytime sleepiness; enuresis possible. Diarrhea (diarrhea) in young children Compulsive great thirst with polydipsia (greatly increased fluid intake). Asthenuria (inability to concentrate … Diabetes Insipidus: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Diabetes Insipidus: Causes

Pathogenesis (disease development) Diabetes insipidus is a disorder in hydrogen metabolism that results in increased water excretion due to impaired concentrating ability of the kidneys. Diabetes insipidus can be divided into two forms: Diabetes insipidus centralis is due to an absolute deficiency of the hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormone).Occurrence either idiopathic (“without apparent cause”) or development … Diabetes Insipidus: Causes

Diabetes Insipidus: Therapy

In both forms of diabetes insipidus, therapy for the underlying disease must be given as far as possible. General measures Limited alcohol consumption (men: max. 25 g alcohol per day; women: max. 12 g alcohol per day). Review of permanent medication due topossible effect on the existing disease. Vaccinations The following vaccinations are advised: Flu … Diabetes Insipidus: Therapy

Diabetes Insipidus: Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus. Family history Are there any diseases in your family that are common? Are there any hereditary diseases in your family? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic medical history (somatic and psychological complaints). Have you noticed any change in urination? How long … Diabetes Insipidus: Medical History

Diabetes Insipidus: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Diabetes mellitus (diabetes). Hypercalcemic crisis – acute condition associated with hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid hyperfunction) with severely elevated blood calcium levels. Psyche – Nervous System (F00-F99; G00-G99). Psychogenic polydipsia (pathologically increased sense of thirst). Medication Abuse of diuretics (dehydrating agents).

Diabetes Insipidus: Complications

The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed to by diabetes insipidus: Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not classified elsewhere (R00-R99). Dehydration (lack of fluid). Polydipsia (excessive thirst)

Diabetes Insipidus: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin and the mucous membranes Auscultation (listening) of the heart. Auscultation of the lungs Palpation (palpation) of the abdomen (abdomen) (tenderness?, knocking pain?, coughing pain?, defensive tension?, hernial orifices?, … Diabetes Insipidus: Examination

Diabetes Insipidus: Test and Diagnosis

1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Plasma osmolarity Urinosmolarity in thirst test (8 hours of fluid abstinence) [water deprivation test]: Normal: increase in urine osmolarity due to stimulation of ADH (antidiuretic hormone). Diabetes insipidus: no increase in urine osmolarity (urine is unconcentrated). Caveat: No thirst test if diabetes insipidus is clearly suspected (e.g., … Diabetes Insipidus: Test and Diagnosis