Tumour marker Human chorionic gonadotropin serves diagnostically as a tumor marker, since some malignant tumors, especially tumors of the gonads (testicles and ovaries) and placenta, produce the hormone. In rare cases this also applies to tumours of other tissues such as the mammary gland, liver, lungs or intestines. However, like most tumour markers, HCG is … Tumour marker | Beta-HCG
General Dopamine is a neurotransmitter. This is a substance that, similar to hormones, is responsible for the transmission of signals in the human body. It is called a neurotransmitter because dopamine is important for the signal transmission of neurons, i.e. the nerve cells. Dopamine therefore plays an important role in the central nervous system, the … Dopamine
How can the dopamine level in the human body be increased? It is not possible to increase the production of dopamine in the body, but it is possible to increase the release of dopamine-producing cells into the blood. This can be done once with external substances (drugs) or through certain activities. External substances that have … How can the dopamine level in the human body be increased? | Dopamine
Dopamine associated diseases Since dopamine is responsible for many different processes in the body, many diseases are attributed to a disrupted dopamine production. There may be either an overproduction or an underproduction of dopamine, which leads to different disease patterns. Underproduction Dopamine plays a major role in Parkinson’s disease. This is caused by a lack … Dopamine associated diseases | Dopamine
Dopamine and addiction By upsetting and excessively stimulating the body’s reward system, dopamine can lead to the development of an addiction. For example, when taking drugs, dopamine has an increased effect. This leads to a positive feeling that one can become addicted to. This increase in dopamine is triggered by the use of drugs such … Dopamine and addiction | Dopamine
Regulation of the dopamine level If dopamine levels are too low, dopamine or the precursor L-DOPA can be given as a drug. In the case of disorders caused by a too high dopamine level, so-called dopamine antagonists can be used. These dock at the same docking sites (receptors) as dopamine in order to exert its … Regulation of the dopamine level | Dopamine
Formation of prolactin: The hormone prolactin of the pituitary gland is also called lactotropin and is a peptide hormone. Regulation Regulation of prolactin: The PRH (prolactin releasing hormone) and the TRH (thyrooliberin) of the hypothalamus stimulate the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland, which has a day-night rhythm. Oxytocin and several other substances … Prolactin
Androgens refer to the male sex hormones. Among them are: In men, these hormones are produced in the testicles (Leydig cells) and in the adrenal cortex. In women, they are produced in the ovary and also in the adrenal cortex. In the blood, the transport of androgens takes place either bound to the protein albumin … Androgens
Production of adrenaline: These stress hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline are produced in the adrenal medulla and in nerve cells starting from the amino acid tyrosine. With the help of enzymes, this is first converted into L-DOPA (L-dihydroxy-phenylalanine). Then dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline are produced enzymatically with the help of vitamins (C, B6), copper, folic acid … Adrenalin
Lower adrenaline Since adrenaline is one of the most effective factors in stress reactions, excessive release can have considerable consequences. People who have permanently excessive adrenaline levels suffer all the effects of the hormone as a permanent condition. Anxiety, a constant feeling of stress, high blood pressure, increased glucose levels and long-term cardiovascular problems are … Lower adrenaline | Adrenalin
Introduction Thyroxine, or “T4”, is a hormone produced in the thyroid gland. Thyroid hormones have a very broad spectrum of activity and are of great importance, especially for energy metabolism, growth and maturation. Since thyroid hormones, and thus also thyroxine, are subject to a superordinate and very complex control circuit and depend on the presence … Thyroxine
Tasks/function of thyroxine Hormones are the so-called “messenger substances of the body”. They are transported with the blood and pass on their information to the cells at their destination via a variety of different routes. Thyroid hormones even transmit their signals directly to the DNA. They bind directly to it and promote the reading of … Tasks/function of thyroxine | Thyroxine
