Synonyms Neocortex, Isocortex Definition The neocortex represents the youngest part of the brain in terms of evolutionary history. It can be subdivided into four lobes, which take over different brain functions. Frontal lobe Anatomy & Function: The frontal lobe plays the central role in the initiation of motor function. In the motocortex (gyrus precentralis) the … Neocortex
Occipital lobe Anatomy & Function: In the occipital lobe, which is located in the posterior fossa above the cerebellum, lies the visual center, i.e. part of the visual system. The information comes from the retina via the optic nerve (2nd cranial nerve) into the optic chiasm (optic nerve crossing), where the information of the outer … Occipital lobe | Neocortex
Introduction The blood–brain barrier – many people have probably heard this term before and have a rough idea of what it is and what it serves. Because the name already gives it away, it is a barrier between the blood circulation and the brain, or more precisely the cerebrospinal fluid (also called nerve fluid, Latin: … Blood-Brain Barrier
Structure The blood–brain barrier consists quite simply of the walls of the small brain vessels, which are structured differently here than in the rest of the body. The endothelial cells play an important role. These are the cells that form the walls of the tiny blood vessels in the brain. These so-called capillary vessels have … Structure | Blood-Brain Barrier
Changes in the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis Structural changes in the area of the blood–brain barrier lead to a loss of integrity (intactness of the blood-brain barrier), which promotes the development of various diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In multiple sclerosis, inflammatory demyelinating processes in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) … Changes in the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis | Blood-Brain Barrier
Conclusion The blood–brain barrier is therefore indispensable for the safety and functional maintenance of neurons. Sometimes it makes it difficult for drugs to be effective. If it does not function properly, it can lead to a number of neurological deficits. All articles in this series: Blood-Brain Barrier Structure Changes in the blood-brain barrier in multiple … Conclusion | Blood-Brain Barrier
Synonyms Stem ganglia, basal nuclei Introduction The term “basal ganglia” refers to core areas located below the cerebral cortex (subcortical), which are primarily responsible for controlling functional aspects of motor function. In addition, the basal ganglia control cognitive signals and are involved in processing information from the limbic system. From a neuroanatomical point of view, … Basal Ganglia
Diseases originating in the basal ganglia Dysfunctions in the area of the basal ganglia can have far-reaching consequences for motor and non-motor processes in the body. For this reason, the diseases triggered by disorders of the basal ganglia often show clinically by a pronounced symptomatology. Among the best-known diseases associated with the Basal Ganglia are … Diseases originating in the basal ganglia | Basal Ganglia
Synonyms Medulla oblongata, bulb medullae spinalis Definition The medulla oblongata is part of the central nervous system (CNS). It is the lowest (caudal) part of the brain. The medulla oblongata is counted together with the bridge (pons) and the midbrain (mesencephalon) as part of the brain stem (truncus cerebri). The medulla oblongata contains nerve nuclei … Extended Mark
MeaningFunction A disorder of the medulla oblongata is seen, for example, in patients with a so-called bulbar paralysis. In this case the cranial nerves running in the medulla are affected. These have the innervation of the pharyngeal and pharyngeal muscles in common. Accordingly, this clinical picture leads to partial paralysis of the muscles of the … MeaningFunction | Extended Mark
Epithamalus The epithalamus sits on the thalamus from behind. Two important structures of the epithalamus are the pineal gland and the area pretectalis. The pineal gland produces melatonin. This is an important hormone in the mediation of the circadian rhythm and thus the sleep-wake rhythm. The area pretectalis plays a role in the switching of … Epithamalus | Forebrain
Cerebrum Synonym: Telencephalon Definition: The cerebrum is also called the end brain and is a part of the central nervous system. It consists of two hemispheres, separated by the longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum. The two hemispheres can be further divided into four lobes. Here, innumerable integration processes take place, including the following: Anatomy: A … Cerebrum | Forebrain
