2nd order laboratory parameters – depending on the results of the medical history, physical examination, etc. – for differential diagnostic clarification Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein). Potassium, magnesium, calcium TSH – to exclude thyroid dysfunction. Renal parameters – urea, creatinine, cystatin C or creatinine clearance if necessary. Highly sensitive cardiac troponin … Cardiac Arrhythmias: Lab Test
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. VHF opportunity screening by pulse measurement and subsequent ECG, in patients ≥ 65 years of age. Electrocardiogram (ECG; recording of the electrical activities of the heart muscle) [bradycardia or tachycardia (heart rate: < 60/min or > 100/min); in tachycardia: are the QRS complexes narrow or wide?Narrow ventricular complex (QRS width ≤ … Cardiac Arrhythmias: Diagnostic Tests
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate cardiac arrhythmias: Bradycardia (heartbeat that is too slow: <60 beats per minute). Tachycardia (heartbeat too fast: > 100 beats per minute). Palpitations (heart palpitations), often accompanied by feelings of anxiety. Pulsations in the neck area Heart stuttering / irregular pulse (arrhythmia absoluta). Secondary symptoms Fatigue Drowsiness Paleness Dyspnea … Cardiac Arrhythmias: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
General measures Immediately make an emergency call! (Call number 112) Evaluation according to the “ABCDE approach” (A: “airway”, B: “breathing“, C: “circulation“, D: “disability”, E: “exposure”). Oxygen delivery via mask or nasal cannula in the presence of decreased oxygen saturation (SpO2). Bag-mask ventilation in the event of insufficient or absent spontaneous breathing. Placement of venous … Cardiac Arrhythmias: Therapy
Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99). Accessory (supernumerary) conduction pathways (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, WPW syndrome; AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia, AVNRT). Cardiac vitias (congenital heart defects). Ion channel disorders Brugada syndrome – is classified as “primary congenital (congenital) cardiomyopathies” and there the so-called ion channel disorders; in 20% of cases of the disease is an autosomal … Cardiac Arrhythmias: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
Arrhythmias are divided into bradycardic and tachycardic arrhythmias (HRS) Bradycardic arrhythmias (bradycardia (pl. bradycardia): < 60 beats per minute (bpm) are: Bradyarrhythmia absoluta (BAA; irregular pulse, with heart rate below 60 beats per minute). Higher-grade, sinuatrial and atrioventricular blocks. Carotid sinus syndrome (carotid sinus syndrome; synonyms: hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome (HCSS), hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome) … Cardiac Arrhythmias: Types
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: Assessment of consciousness using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes Neck vein congestion? Central cyanosis? (bluish discoloration of skin and central mucous membranes, e.g., tongue). Abdomen … Cardiac Arrhythmias: Examination
The medical history (history of the patient) represents an important component in the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias. Family History Do you have relatives who suffer from palpitations or other cardiac arrhythmias? Are there any diseases in your family that are common? (Metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychiatric diseases). Social history What is your profession? Are you exposed … Cardiac Arrhythmias: Medical History
