Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Family history What is the general health status of your family members? Are there any respiratory diseases in your family that are common? Social history What is your profession? Are you exposed to harmful working substances in … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Medical History
Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99). Congenital malformations of the lungs, unspecified. Respiratory system (J00-J99) Bronchial asthma; see “Symptoms – Complaints” under “Differentiation of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease” for details. Bronchiectasis (synonym: bronchiectasis) – permanently existing irreversible saccular or cylindrical dilatation of the bronchi (medium-sized airways), which may be congenital or … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed to by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Malnutrition (malnutrition) Respiratory system (J00-J99) Acute exacerbations of infection Bronchiectasis (synonym: bronchiectasis) – persistent irreversible saccular or cylindrical dilatation of the bronchi (medium-sized airways) that may be congenital or acquired; … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Complications
Early COPD is present when: Age <50 years EV1/FVC < 0.70, FEV1 > 50% of target value Low COPD activity = no symptoms, no exacerbations. High COPD activity = symptoms and > 2 exacerbations/year. Assess severity of COPD by lung function impairment (GOLD criteria; Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease): Patients with FEV1/FVC<0.70 (based … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Classification
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing) [central cyanosis (purplish-bluish discoloration of oral mucosa, tongue, lips, and conjunctiva due to decreased blood oxygen saturation), peripheral edema (water retention); ; barrel chest with horizontal ribs, distended clavicular … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Examination
1st-order laboratory parameters-obligatory laboratory tests. ESR (blood sedimentation rate). Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or PCT (procalcitonin). CRP-guided antibiotic prescription → decrease in antibiotic therapy. Blood count [note: blood eosinophils and exacerbation rate determine whether or not to take an inhalable corticosteroid (ICS) in COPD] Blood gas analysis (ABG) [art. Blood gases – COPD: … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Test and Diagnosis
Therapy goals Nicotine restriction (abstinence from tobacco use including passive smoking) [only causal therapeutic approach!] Symptom relief Improvement of the resilience Prevention of disease progression (progression of the disease) and exacerbations (significant worsening of symptoms). Therapy recommendations Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is treated according to the following staged regimen, depending on severity: Inhaled bronchodilators … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Drug Therapy
Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Spirometry (basic examination as part of pulmonary function diagnostics) – part of initial diagnostics/stage 1. [COPD is classified according to GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) based on FEV1: see below. Bronchial asthma: Evidence of obstruction (narrowing or obstruction of the airways): FEV1 (expiratory one second capacity or forced … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Diagnostic Tests
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may indicate a deficiency of the following vital nutrients (micronutrients): Vitamin C Vitamin E Selenium Within the framework of vital substance medicine, the following vital substance (micronutrient) is used for supportive therapy: Magnesium has a bronchodilator effect The above vital substance recommendations were created with the help of medical experts. … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Micronutrient Therapy
In some severe cases, surgical therapy may be indicated. Possible surgical procedures for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include: Bullectomy-removal of air sacs larger than 3 cm that have resulted from destruction of individual smaller air sacs (according to GOLD: Indication: lower lobe emphysema: Evidencce A). Endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) – removal of 20-30% … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Surgical Therapy
Prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requires attention to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Micronutrient deficiency (vital substances) – see Prevention with micronutrients. Consumption of stimulants Tobacco (smoking, passive smoking) – The most important risk factor for developing COPD is smoking. Chinese hookah smoking is also associated with a significant increase … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Prevention
The main symptoms of the disease are: Dyspnea – shortness of breath; initially on exertion (exertional dyspnea), later also at rest. Chronic cough as well as Increased mucus production or sputum/sputum production. Therefore, it is also referred to as AHA symptoms.Approximately 40 percent of COPD patients have pronounced morning symptoms. Other symptoms may include: Chronic … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
