To prevent megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Vegan Vegetarian Micronutrient deficiency (vital substances) – see Prevention with micronutrients. Consumption of stimulants Alcohol Environmental pollution – intoxications Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) To prevent megaloblastic anemia due to folic acid deficiency, attention … Megaloblastic Anemia: Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency: Cardiac General decrease in performance Dizziness Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) Palpitations (heart stuttering) Angina pectoris (“chest tightness”; sudden pain in the region of the heart) Icterus (yellowing of the skin) Tachycardia – too fast heartbeat: > 100 beats per minute. … Megaloblastic Anemia: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (disease development) Megaloblastic anemia can be distinguished between vitamin B12 deficiency anemia and folic acid deficiency anemia. In both forms, the very deficiency mentioned above results in a synthesis disorder of hematopoiesis (blood formation) with the formation of megaloblasts (large, nuclear and hemoglobin (blood pigment-containing) precursor cells of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the … Megaloblastic Anemia: Causes
General measures Limited alcohol consumption (men: max. 25 g alcohol per day; women: max. 12 g alcohol per day). Review of permanent medication due topossible effect on the existing disease. Avoidance of environmental stress: Nitrous oxide (nitrous oxide). Avoidance of drug use Regular checkups Regular medical checkups Nutritional medicine Nutritional counseling based on nutritional analysis … Megaloblastic Anemia: Therapy
Therapeutic target Normalization of symptoms by restoring physiologic conditions. Therapy recommendations Therapy recommendations depending on the type of deficiency: folic acid and/or vitamin B12 deficiency. See also under “Further therapy“. Substitution therapy with cobalamin (vitamin B12) The diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency should always be followed by substitution therapy with cobalamin … Megaloblastic Anemia: Drug Therapy
Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of abdominal organs) – to exclude renal/liver diseases, changes in the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract). Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (ÖGD; reflection of esophagus, stomach and duodenum) with biopsy … Megaloblastic Anemia: Diagnostic Tests
A deficiency symptom may indicate that there is an inadequate supply of vital nutrients (micronutrients). The complaint vitamin B12 deficiency anemia indicates a vital substance (micronutrient) deficiency for Vitamin B12 A deficiency symptom may indicate that there is an insufficient supply of vital substances (micronutrients). The complaint folic acid deficiency anemia indicates a deficiency of … Megaloblastic Anemia: Micronutrient Therapy
Depending on the exact cause of megaloblastic anemia, surgery may be required to eliminate this cause. For example, repeat bowel surgery may be indicated in the presence of “blind loop syndrome.”
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia. Family History Is there a history of frequent cardiovascular disease/blood disorders in your family? Social history Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Have you noticed symptoms such as a general decrease in performance, dizziness, or palpitations? Have you … Megaloblastic Anemia: Medical History
Blood, hematopoietic organs – immune system (D50-D90). Aplastic anemia – form of anemia (anemia) characterized by pancytopenia (reduction of all cell series in the blood; stem cell disease) and concomitant hypoplasia (functional impairment) of the bone marrow. Bleeding anemia, acute (source of bleeding: mainly genital or gastrointestinal/gastrointestinal tract). Iron deficiency anemia (anemia due to iron … Megaloblastic Anemia: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed to by megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency: Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Increased susceptibility to infection Cardiovascular system (I00-I99) Angina pectoris (“chest tightness”; sudden onset of pain in the heart area). Palpitations (heart stuttering) Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines … Megaloblastic Anemia: Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (white part of the eye) [jaundice (yellowing of the skin), smooth red tongue, cheilosis (redness and swelling of the lips), glossitis (inflammation of the … Megaloblastic Anemia: Examination
