Hypernatriaemia

Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of hypernatremia (excess sodium). Family history Do family members (e.g., parents/grandparents) have metabolic diseases? Social history What is your profession? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Do you suffer from: Severe thirst? Feeling of weakness? Tiredness? Restlessness and difficulty concentrating? Are … Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Medical History

Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism); aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that, with other hormones such as renin and angiotensin, regulates fluid and electrolyte (blood salt) balance. Diabetes insipidus centralis (synonyms: central (neurogenic) diabetes insipidus; diabetes insipidus neurohormonalis; hypoyphysarian diabetes insipidus – disorder in hydrogen metabolism caused by a deficiency of the … Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Complications

The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed to by hypernatremia (excess sodium): Respiratory system (J00-J99) Pulmonary edema (accumulation of water in the lungs). Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Serum hyperosmolarity – increased osmotic pressure in the blood. Volume deficiency Circulatory system (I00-I99) Intracranial hemorrhage (cerebral hemorrhage) – major complication … Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Complications

Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (white part of eye) [dry mucous membranes? visible or palpable edema/water retention of lower extremity? in bedridden patients of dorsal (back) … Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Examination

Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Test and Diagnosis

Laboratory parameters of 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Electrolytes – potassium, magnesium, sodium [hypernatremia: > 145 mmol/l]. Total serum protein (serum protein; serum protein). Serum osmolality Laboratory parameters 2nd order – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, etc. – for differential diagnostic clarification. Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive … Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Test and Diagnosis

Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Drug Therapy

Therapeutic targets If the dehydration (lack of fluid) is based on a disease, its therapy is in the foreground (causal therapy). Rehydration (fluid balance). Correction of the sodium balance Therapy recommendations In cases of hypernatremia due to loss of free water, copious drinking is usually sufficient. Rehydration: in more severe cases of dehydration in the … Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Drug Therapy

Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Causes

Pathogenesis (development of disease) The following forms of hypernatremia are distinguished: Hypovolemic hypernatremia (= hypertonic dehydration): excessive sodium concentration with concomitant decreased intravascular volume (“in the vessels”); this results from: Increased fluid excretion (urine, sweat). disease-related, e.g.: Deficiency of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) due to failure of ADH production (partial (partial) or total; permanent or … Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Causes

Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Therapy

General measures Review of permanent medication due topossible effect on existing disease. Nutritional medicine Nutritional counseling based on nutritional analysis Nutritional recommendations according to a mixed diet taking into account the disease at hand. This means, among other things: A total of 5 servings of fresh vegetables and fruit daily (≥ 400 g; 3 servings … Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Therapy

Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate hypernatremia (excess sodium): Nonspecific symptoms: severe thirst* , feeling weak, fatigue, fever, restlessness, and difficulty concentrating. Skin and mucous membranes dry* . Oliguria (decreased urine volume with a daily maximum of 500 ml)* . Dyspnea (shortness of breath, as a result of pulmonary edema/water accumulation in the lungs)* … Too Much Sodium (Hypernatremia): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs