In addition to therapy for renal anemia, treatment of the underlying renal disease is of primary concern (see related disease for details). General measures Review of permanent medication due topossible effect on existing disease. Regular check-ups Regular medical checkups Nutritional medicine Nutritional counseling based on nutritional analysis Nutritional recommendations according to a mixed diet taking … Renal Anemia: Therapy
In renal failure, renal transplantation (NTx, NTPL) should always be considered as a definitive therapeutic option.
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate renal anemia: Leading symptoms Aphthae on the oral mucosa. Exertional dyspnea – shortness of breath on exertion. Exercise tachycardia – increased pulse rate during exercise. Brittle nails Hair loss Skin/mucous membrane pallor Café au lait-colored skin (pale gray skin coloration). Headache Koilonychia – curvature of the fingernails Concentration … Renal Anemia: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (disease development) Chronic renal failure or other renal diseases result in impaired renal (“kidney-related”) erythropoietin formation (synonyms: erythropoietin, EPO), which stimulates erythropoiesis (blood formation). Furthermore, there is a disturbed iron incorporation, a shortened life span of erythrocytes (red blood cells), hemolysis (dissolution of red blood cells) and an inhibition of erythropoiesis (process of formation … Renal Anemia: Causes
Blood, hematopoietic organs-immune system (D50-D90). Aplastic anemia – form of anemia (anemia) characterized by pancytopenia (reduction of all cell series in the blood; stem cell disease) and concomitant hypoplasia (functional impairment) of the bone marrow. Bleeding anemia, acute (source of bleeding: mainly genital or gastrointestinal/gastrointestinal tract). Iron deficiency anemia (anemia due to iron deficiency). Inflammatory … Renal Anemia: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by renal anemia: Blood, blood-forming organs – Immune system (D50-D90). Susceptibility to infection Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99) Aphthae on the oral mucosa Pale skin/mucous membranes Brittle nails Café au lait coloring of the skin Hair loss Koilonychia – curvature of the … Renal Anemia: Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (white part of the eye) [skin/mucous membrane pallor, café au lait-colored skin, aphthae on the oral mucosa, rhagades of the corners of the mouth … Renal Anemia: Examination
1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count [normocytic normochromic anemia: MCV normal → normocytic MCH normal → normochromic] Hb progression controls are useful no earlier than 2 weeks after changing an ESA(“erythropoiesis-stimulating agents”) dose. Differential blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Micronutrients: Iron Ferritin … Renal Anemia: Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic target Red blood cell proliferation (promotion of red blood cell growth). Therapy recommendations Administration of erythropoietins (= causal therapy/causal therapy)Note: As long as the Hb value is > greater than 10, 0 g/dL, erythropoietins should not be given. Hb (hemoglobin/blood pigment) should be maintained in a range of 11-12 g/dl. Erythropoietin (EPO) Erythropoietin is … Renal Anemia: Drug Therapy
Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of abdominal organs) – to rule out renal/liver disease, gastrointestinal tract changes/bleeding. Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnosticsand obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen (abdominal CT) – to … Renal Anemia: Diagnostic Tests
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of renal anemia. Family history Is there a history of frequent renal disease in your family? Social history Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Have you noticed symptoms such as decreased performance, difficulty concentrating, or fatigue? Have you noticed skin symptoms … Renal Anemia: Medical History
