Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease): Triad Chronic hemolysis (dissolution of red blood cells; hemolytic anemia) and developmental abnormalities-usually occurring in infancy Vaso-occlusions ( occlusion of (blood) vessels) → acute and chronic organ damage. Functional asplenia → lifelong susceptibility to infections (e.g., with pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella). Further … Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Causes

Pathogenesis (disease development) Sickle cell disease refers to a hereditary form of anemia (anemia) that is relatively common in the black population (see “Ethnicity” below). In this autosomal recessive disease, a point mutation on chromosome 11 results in the production of an altered hemoglobin (sickle cell hemoglobin, HbS). In this pathological (diseased) HbS, instead of … Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Causes

Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Therapy

General preventive measures to protect against sickle cell crisis Avoidance of Desiccosis (dehydration) Infections Hypothermia Oxygen deficiency conditions – altitude from 2,000 m; flights. Nicotine restriction (refraining from tobacco use). Alcohol restriction (abstaining from alcohol) Review of permanent medication due topossible effect on the existing disease. Further prophylactic measure Mandatory prophylactic penicillin administration from the … Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Therapy

Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Test and Diagnosis

1st-order laboratory parameters-obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Differential blood count Blood smear Urine status (rapid test for: pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, blood), sediment, if necessary urine culture (pathogen detection and resistogram, that is, testing suitable antibiotics for sensitivity / resistance). Hb electrophoresis (examination method in which molecule groups are spatially separated in an electric … Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Test and Diagnosis

Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Drug Therapy

Therapeutic targets Crisis avoidance Treatment of organ damage Therapy recommendations Adequate fluid intake and administration of analgesics (painkillers) during pain crises. Administration of hydroxyurea (hydroxyurea) to treat pain crises. This can reduce both the number and intensity of pain crises and the number of episodes of acute chest syndrome (ATS; acute clinical picture characterized by … Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Drug Therapy

Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Diagnostic Tests

Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of abdominal organs) [hepatosplenomegaly (enlargement of liver and spleen)] Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification depending on the exact symptoms. Electrocardiogram (ECG; recording of the electrical activities … Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Diagnostic Tests

Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease). Family history What is the general health of your family members? Are there any diseases in your family that are common? Are there any hereditary diseases in your family? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic medical history … Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Medical History

Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Blood, blood-forming organs-immune system (D50-D90). Anemias (anemia) of other etiology (cause), unspecified. Thalassemia – autosomal recessive hereditary synthesis disorder of the alpha or beta chains of the protein portion (globin) in hemoglobin (hemoglobinopathy/diseases resulting from impaired formation of hemoglobin). Α-Thalassemia (HbH disease, hydrops fetalis/generalized fluid accumulation); incidence: mostly in Southeast Asians. Β-Thalassemia: most common monogenetic … Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Complications

The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed to by sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease): Respiratory system (J00-J99) Acute chest syndrome (ATS) – life-threatening condition; symptoms: Fever, cough, tachypnea (>20 breaths per minute at rest), chest pain (chest pain), leukocytosis (increase in the number of white blood cells in the … Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Complications

Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes and sclerae (white part of the eye). Examination of the abdomen (abdomen) Auscultation (listening) of the abdomen [bowel sounds?] Percussion (tapping) of the abdomen [Meteorism (flatulence): … Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia): Examination