The European food safety authority (EFSA) last evaluated vitamins and minerals for safety in 2006 and set a so-called Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for each micronutrient, provided sufficient data were available. This UL reflects the maximum safe level of a micronutrient that will not cause adverse effects when taken daily from all sources for … Iodine: Safety Assessment
In the National Nutrition Survey II (NVS II, 2008), the dietary behavior of the population was investigated for Germany and it was shown how this affects the average daily nutrient intake with macro- and micronutrients (vital substances). The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) are used as the basis for … Iodine: Supply Situation
The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE recommendations (e.g. due to diet, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, etc.). Furthermore, … Iodine: Intake
Thyroid enlargement, or goiter, is one of the earliest and most visible signs of iodine deficiency. The thyroid gland enlarges due to continuous stimulation by TSH to produce thyroid hormones, but this is not possible because iodine is lacking for this purpose. Goiter can lead to the following symptoms. Increase in the circumference of the … Iodine: Symptoms of Deficiency
Iodine is responsible for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Normally, the thyroid gland contains a supply of 5-10 mg of iodine. With this amount, endogenous synthesis of thyroid hormones is ensured for about 2 months. The hormones T4 and T3 regulate numerous important metabolic processes via nuclear hormone receptors, … Iodine: Functions
