The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE intake recommendations (e.g., due to dietary habits, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, … Manganese: Supply
Manganese was not included in the National Nutrition Survey II (2008). Regarding the intake of manganese in the German population, data exist from the 2004 Nutrition Report of the German Nutrition Society (DGE). These data on manganese intake are based on estimates and only reflect the average intake. It is not possible to make statements … Manganese: Supply Situation
Manganese plays an important role in many metabolic processes of the human body as an activator of enzymes and as a component of enzymes:Numerous manganese-activated enzymes play important roles in carbohydrate, amino acid, and cholesterol metabolism, as well as in gluconeogenesis – the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors – and in urea metabolism – … Manganese: Functions
Interaction of manganese with other micronutrients (vital substances): Calcium According to several studies, calcium supplementation at 500 mg/day results in decreased bioavailability of manganese, with calcium phosphate and carbonate having the greatest effect and calcium from milk having the least effect; some other studies showed only minimal effects of calcium supplementation on manganese metabolism. Magnesium … Manganese: Interactions
Signs of manganese deficiency as observed in experimental animals – include retarded or slowed growth, poor sexual or reproductive function, abnormalities of the bony skeleton, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired lipid metabolism. To date, no deficiency symptoms have been observed in humans that could be clearly attributed to a manganese deficiency. For the Federal Republic … Manganese: Symptoms of Deficiency
The United Kingdom Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals (EVM) last assessed vitamins and minerals for safety in 2003 and set a so-called Safe Upper Level (SUL) or Guidance Level for each micronutrient, provided sufficient data were available. This SUL or Guidance Level reflects the safe maximum amount of a micronutrient that will not cause … Manganese: Safety Assessment
