Selenium performs its functions as an integral component of proteins and enzymes, respectively. Relevant enzymes include selenium-containing glutathione peroxidases (GPxs), deiodases – types 1, 2, and 3 -, thioredoxin reductases (TrxR), selenoprotein P as well as W, and selenophosphate synthetase.Selenium deficiency leads to loss of activity of these proteins. Selenium-dependent enzymes Glutathione peroxidases The four … Selenium: Functions
Interactions of selenium with other micronutrients (vital substances): Iodine Selenium deficiency can exacerbate the symptoms of iodine deficiency. Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormone. At the same time, selenium-containing enzymes – iodothyronine deiodinases -, are needed for the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to the biologically active thyroid hormone triiodothyroxine (T3). Supplemental selenium … Selenium: Interactions
A blood selenium concentration below 80-95 µg/L (1.0-1.2µmol/L) suboptimal selenium status leads to impaired enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidases (GPx) and selenoprotein P activity At selenium intakes of less than 20 µg per day, clinical symptoms include. Macrocytosis Pseudoalbinism Striped fingernails Cardio and skeletal myopathies (can be severe enough to limit walking ability) Typical selenium … Selenium: Deficiency Symptoms
The European food safety authority (EFSA) last evaluated vitamins and minerals for safety in 2006 and set a so-called Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for each micronutrient, provided sufficient data were available. This UL reflects the maximum safe level of a micronutrient that will not cause adverse effects when taken daily from all sources for … Selenium: Safety Assessment
Selenium was not included in the National Nutrition Survey II (2008). Regarding the intake of selenium in the German population, data exist only from a study by Drobner et al. in 1996. Regarding the supply situation, it can be stated: On average, men take 41 µg and women 30 µg selenium per day to themselves … Selenium: Supply Situation
The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE recommendations (e.g. due to diet, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, etc.). Furthermore, … Selenium: Intake
