The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by myopia (nearsightedness): Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59). Ablatio retinae (retinal detachment). Degenerative eye disease (22-fold increased risk with myopia higher than -10 dpt (0.4% of adults)) Glaucoma (glaucoma; occurs more frequently in myopia). Cataract (cataract; disease occurs earlier in myopia). … Nearsightedness: Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes Eyes Ophthalmological examination [due topossible sequelae: ablatio retinae (retinal detachment)]. Measurement of myopia by means of visual acuity measurement. Refraction test – measurement of the … Nearsightedness: Examination
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Refraction determination (determination of the refractive power of the eyes). Ophthalmoscopy (ocular fundus examination).
The following surgical procedures may be used for myopia: Radical keratotomy Incision of the cornea to reduce refractive power; rarely performed today. Intrastromal corneal ring segments (INTACS) Insertion of small half rings in front of the cornea; used for myopia up to – 4.0 diopters Photorefractive keratectomy flattening of the cornea; use in myopia up … Nearsightedness: Surgical Therapy
To prevent myopia (nearsightedness), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral causes Staying in rooms with little daylight (5-fold risk). Spending little time outdoors (“outdoor time”) and a lot of time doing close work (“near-vision time”) (15.9-fold increased risk) Close work on the smartphone, computer, TV or other media. Prevention factors (protective … Nearsightedness: Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate myopia (nearsightedness): Pathognomonic (evidencing a disease). Objects in the distance are seen blurred, while objects close to the eye can be seen well
Pathogenesis (development of disease) The cause of myopia is a mismatch between the refractive power and the axial length of the eyeball. This results in a focal point in front of the retina. This leads to the fact that on the retina only a blurred image is shown. Thus, only objects close to the eye … Nearsightedness: Causes
Conventional nonsurgical therapy methods In myopia, eyeglasses or contact lenses are used to try to reduce refractive power. This is done through diverging lenses – also called minus or concave lenses. If children or adolescents want contact lenses instead of glasses, should preferably be prescribed form stable (“hard”) contact lenses, because of lower risk of … Nearsightedness: Therapy
Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59). Myopia maligna (progressiva) – form of myopia that is constantly progressive. Myopia simplex (school myopia) – form of myopia that manifests itself from about the age of ten; usually does not progress after the age of 20.
Medical history (history of the patient) is an important component in the diagnosis of myopia (nearsightedness). Family History Is there a history of frequent eye disease in your family? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Do you have difficulty seeing objects that are in the distance in focus? How long has … Nearsightedness: Medical History