Orthopedics

Giant Cell Arteritis: Drug Therapy

Therapeutic target Avoidance of complications Note: Clinical suspicion of giant cell arteritis is an immediate indication for treatment because of the imminent risk of irreversible visual loss (vision loss)! Therapy recommendations Steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy (anti-inflammatory therapy with glucocorticoids): Giant cell arteritis: prednisolone (glucocorticoids), initially 1 mg/kg bw/d (max 60 mg), then reduction. Amaurosis fugax (transient … Giant Cell Arteritis: Drug Therapy

Giant Cell Arteritis: Diagnostic Tests

Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Color duplex sonography – examination of temporal arteries (temporal arteries), extracranial (“outside the skull“) vessels, and occipital artery, subclavian artery, etc., for signs of inflammation; alternatively, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used [low-echo wall swelling/so-called halo; stenoses (narrowing) may also be used]. Temporal artery biopsy (tissue sampling from the … Giant Cell Arteritis: Diagnostic Tests

Giant Cell Arteritis: Prevention

Prevention factors (protective factors) In giant cell arteritis, a protective effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; dosage 75-100 mg/die) on cardio- and zerovascular events (myocardial infarction/heart attack, apoplexy/stroke) has been described in retrospective studies.

Giant Cell Arteritis: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate giant cell arteritis (RZA): due toInvolvement of the cranial vessels (approximately 70% of patients): Severe constant headache (60-90% of those affected); hemifacial or bilateral, especially bitemporal (in the temporal region; tension-type headache) – the initial symptom in 48% of cases; usually responds poorly to analgesics (pain relievers) Pain … Giant Cell Arteritis: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Giant Cell Arteritis: Causes

Pathogenesis (disease development) The cause of giant cell arteritis is unknown. Various environmental factors are thought to be triggers. Giant cell arteritis is a systemic segmental giant cell arteritis of the large and medium-sized vessels. The inflammation originates in the adventitia (enveloping layer of connective tissue surrounding the blood and lymphatic vasculature) of the affected … Giant Cell Arteritis: Causes

Giant Cell Arteritis: Therapy

General measures In acute relapse: physical rest and bed rest. In the occurrence of fever: Bed rest and physical rest (even if fever is only slight; if aching limbs and lassitude occur without fever, bed rest and physical rest is also required). Fever below 38.5 °C does not necessarily need to be treated!(Exceptions: Children prone … Giant Cell Arteritis: Therapy

Rib Fracture: Causes and Treatment

Rib fracture (synonym: rib fracture; ICD-10 S22.3-: rib fracture) is a fracture (bone fracture) of the ribs.Rib fractures usually occur due to direct force (“blunt trauma”).Usually, the ribs four to nine are affected. One the ICD-10 can distinguish the following forms of rib fracture: Simple rib fracture (ICD-10 S22.3). Serial rib fracture (S22.4) – when … Rib Fracture: Causes and Treatment

Important Nutrients for Cartilage Formation and Pain Relief

Articular cartilage is composed of four basic substances: collagen, cartilage tissue, chondrocytes (cartilage cells) and water. Collagen hydrolysate , glucosamine and chondroitin are counted among the cartilage building substances. All of them are also natural components of cartilage tissue. Collagen provides the structural support framework in articular cartilage. Glucosamine and chondroitin form the cartilage tissue … Important Nutrients for Cartilage Formation and Pain Relief

Rib Fracture: Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of rib fracture (rib fracture). Family history Social history Current medical history/systemic medical history (somatic and psychological complaints). Do you have any pain? Where is the pain localized? Did you have a fall? What was the mechanism of the accident? Are you experiencing … Rib Fracture: Medical History

Bone Marrow Inflammation (Osteomyelitis): Causes

Pathogenesis (disease development) In circa 80% of cases, osteomyelitis occurs after trauma (injury)/fracture (bone fracture) or surgery (exogenous form). In circa 20%, it is the endogenous form of osteomyelitis, in which pathogen seeding from an existing focus of inflammation occurs (hematogenous form). In osteomyelitis, infection of the bone by bacteria occurs. These occupy regions of … Bone Marrow Inflammation (Osteomyelitis): Causes