Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of poliomyelitis (polio). Family history What is the general health status of your relatives? Social history Have you recently been in high-risk areas such as India or Nigeria? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Have you noticed symptoms of an influenza … Polio (Poliomyelitis): Medical History
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Other viral or bacterial infectious diseases. Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68; synonym: acute flaccid myelitis/spinal meningitis). Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99). Acute flaccid myelitis/spinal meningitis (Engl. acute flaccid myelitis, AFL) – initial symptoms are usually headache, fever, and meningismus (painful neck stiffness); other symptoms include focal asymmetric muscle weakness or paralysis … Polio (Poliomyelitis): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed to by poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis): Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99). Muscle damage (paresis/paralysis). Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99) Neuropathies (nerve diseases/nerve damage) (esp. pregnant women).
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, pharynx (throat), and sclerae (white part of the eye) [reddened throat/ tonsils?] Palpation (palpation) of the abdomen (abdomen) (tenderness?, knocking pain?, coughing pain?, … Polio (Poliomyelitis): Examination
More than 90% of polio infections are asymptomatic. The following symptoms and complaints may indicate poliomyelitis (polio): Leading symptoms of abortive poliomyelitis. Fever Nausea (nausea)/vomiting Sore throat Myalgia (muscle pain) Cephalgia (headache) Symptoms usually improve after a few days. Leading symptoms of non-paralytic poliomyelitis. Fever Meningismus (painful stiffness of the neck) Back pain Muscle cramps … Polio (Poliomyelitis): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) Poliovirus (genus: enterovirus; family: Picornaviridae) is ingested orally (“by mouth“). It then replicates in the cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and lymph nodes. Via the bloodstream, it finally reaches the central nervous system (CNS), where it attacks motor nerve cells, which it destroys by dissolving the cell. Notice. Three serotypes … Polio (Poliomyelitis): Causes
Causal therapy is not possible for poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis). Thus, symptomatic therapy takes place. General measures Observance of the general hygiene measures! In the occurrence of fever: Bed rest and physical rest (even with only a slight fever). Fever below 38.5 °C does not necessarily need to be treated! (Exceptions: Children prone to febrile convulsions; … Polio (Poliomyelitis): Therapy
Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Cell cultures can be made from pharyngeal lavage water, stool* and blood* * . Polio antibodies* * from cerebrospinal fluid/blood serum. * From the 2nd day, viruses are excreted in the stool for about 6-8 weeks.* * Direct or indirect detection of “poliovirus” is reportable … Polio (Poliomyelitis): Test and Diagnosis
Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging of the skull (cranial CT or.cCT/cranial MRI or cMRI) – for new-onset paresis (signs of paralysis).
Poliomyelitis vaccination (polio vaccine) is the most important and effective preventive measure.To prevent poliomyelitis (polio), further attention must be paid to reducing risk factors. Other risk factors Intramuscular injections predispose to paralysis of the affected limb in poliomyelitis. Medications “Vaccine polio” (vaccine-derived poliovirus) by live oral vaccineNote: The inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) confers vaccine protection … Polio (Poliomyelitis): Prevention
